Innovative Chikwereti Zviridzwa uye Nhengo dzeBond
Mari yehupfumi yemabhizimisi inozivikanwa nekuchinja kusingagumi. Nhanho yemari mune zvitsva inogona kunge isina kugadzikana, kunyanya mune zvitsva zvekugadzirwa kwezvibereko uye mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi .
Panguva iyi, iyo mabhizimisi yakave yakatsoropodza, kunyanya mumakore achangopfuura, nokuda kwezvinhu zvitsva izvo zvinokonzera zvizere zvisinganzwisisiki panguva dzekuiswa kwavo, dzimwe nguva nemigumisiro isingatarisirwi makore mazhinji pasi pomugwagwa. Izvozvo ndizvo zvakanyanya kuitika nemapoka akazara ezvitoro zvitsva, zvikwereti, uye zvisungo zvehutano.
01 Njodzi Bonds
Dambudziko rekushungurudzika ndeimwe mhando dzechikwereti chakakura icho chinoita sechikwereti chechikwereti kusvikira nguva yakadaro senjodzi inongoerekana yaitika, saka inowanzoita kuti pfuure muhutachivhu hutano huripo, iyo inobhadhara, inopa muridzi.
02 Chikwereti Chikwereti Chinodiwa
Chikwata Chekubhadharwa Chikwereti, kana kuti CDO, ndiyo mhando yemari yechikwereti inotsigirwa nedzimwe chikwereti. Zvikwereti zvakavakirwa pazvisungo, kana uchida.
03 Chikoro Chekubhadhara Chikwereti
Mutoro Wakawanikwa Mutengo, kana CLO, inoshandiswa pamusana peChirongwa cheKutengesa Chikwereti, kana kuti CDO. Nguva ino, zvisinei, izvo zviri pasi apa hazvisi zvekutengeserana zvepachena.
04 Collateralized Mortgage Chikamu
Imwe Chikwereti Chekuchengetwa Kwemari, kana CMO, inoratidziro yeChinhu Chikwereti Chekubhadhara, kana CLO, iyo yakavakirwa pamadzimai ezvitoro zvekunamatira, kazhinji pamba padzimba.
05 Covered Bonds
Bhuku Rakavharwa rave rakakurumbira muEurope kwenguva yakareba, asi munguva pfupi yapfuura yakatanga kubudiswa muUnited States. Kunyange zvazvo vakafanana zvakangofanana neCollateralized Mortgage Obligation, kana CMO, pane kusiyana kwakakosha kunoshamisa kunoderedza ngozi kune uyo. Muzvokwadi, vanotsigira hutano hwemhando yehutano hunoratidza kuti hutano hwahwo hunotungamirira sei kune ngozi shoma uye hukuru hwehutano huwandu.
06 Chikwereti Chakasiyana Chishandurwa
Chikwereti Chakasiyana-siyana, kana CDS, haisi chikwereti chekwereti pane imwe. Pane kudaro, iyo yakasiyana-siyana yemishonga yeruzhinji. Mumatambudziko emari muna 2008, matambudziko nemari uye kukoshesa zvibvumirano zveCDS, uyewo nekwaniso yemapato ekubvumirana kuti asangane nemitemo yavo yemvumo, yaive yakawanda uye yakawedzera kuwedzera kwehupfumi.
07 Deathbed Bonds
Kufa kwehupfumi kunowanikwa mune zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutsvaga zvakatora pfungwa dzevatongi . Izvi zvirongwa zvinoshandiswa nevafungidziri vanoedza kushandisa zvigadziro muzvibvumirano zvebvumirano zvakagadzirirwa kuita kuti zviwedzere kukurudzira kune venguva yakareba varimi.
08 Junk Bond Mari
Junk Bond Mari, kushandisa guru rezvikwereti chikwereti sechinzvimbo chekubhadhara mari, kuve hurukuro inotyisa mumakore ekuma1980, ndokubva yawira mune zvimwe zvisiri izvo, asi ichiri kunzvimbo inokosha mune zvemari.
09 Mortgage Yakachengetedzwa
A Mortgage Backed Security, kana MBS, ndeyekuchengetedza chikwereti kunotsigirwa nemari yekuchengetwa kwemusha. Inowanzofananidzwa neClatateralized Mortgage Obligation, kana CMO.
10 Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit
A Real Estate Mortgage Investment Mutevedzeri, kana REMIC, ndeimwezve izwi, rinowanzotaura, kuti Collateralized Mortgage Obligation, kana CMO, uye Mortgage Backed Security, kana MBS.
11 Sukuk
Mumwe wevakuru vakuru vanotungamira mari yeIslam ndeyekudzivirira kubhadhara kana kuunganidza zvekufarira. Kuti vakurudzire kuvarimi veMuslim vakadzama uye vanoponesa, zvakasiyana-siyana zvemari zvemari zvakasikwa zvinoshumira chinangwa chimwechete sezvisungo nezvimwe zvikwereti zvezvikwereti, asi pane chido chaicho hazvibhadharwi. Sukuk ishoko rinoreva marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvinyorwa zvekubhadhara zvikwereti izvo zvakagadzirwa kuti zvigadzirise matanho emari yeIslam.
12 Nguva
Zvikwereti zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvikwereti zvakanyorwa pamusoro apa zvakakamurwa kuva izvo zvinonzi shanje dzakasiyana. Izvi zvikwereti zvinosanganisira, semuenzaniso:
- Akabatwa Chikwereti Chikwereti, kana CDO
- Mutoro Wakatambirwa Mutengo, kana CLO
- Collateralized Mortgage Obligation, kana CMO
- Mortgage Backed Security, kana MBS
- Real Estate Mortgage Investment Mutungamiri, kana REMIC
Simba rimwe nerimwe rine mazwi akasiyana nemamiriro ezvinhu, uye imwe nharo yakasiyana-siyana / yekudzoka kubva kuhama dzayo dzinotorwa kubva kune rimwe dzimba redzimba. Verenga pane zvimwe zvakawanda.