Kwemakore maviri oga oga, National Aeronautics uye Space Administration (NASA) inokumbira mapurogiramu ehurongwa hwemhepo. Izvo hazvina kuchinja, pasinei nekurasikirwa kwepurogiramu yekuvhara (pamwe nekukanganisa kwayo kune mamwe mabasa akawanda.)
Yakakodzera kuti ikatanga muCold War, purogiramu yeAstronaut yaive yakarongedza avo vakanyatsoshanda uye vakatsvuka kupfuura vose vari muuto reUnited States, pakati pavo vava aviator Scott Carpenter pamwe nevamwe Marine John Glenn. Nyanzvi dzakabva kare dzakabva kune dzakasiyana-siyana dzevagari vemo seanjiniya, masayendisiti, uye vadzidzisi, asi mauto anoramba ari chinhu chinokosha chevakatsvaga. Vadzidzi vashanu vese mumakirasi a1999 na2004 vaiva nhengo dzinoshingaira dzebasa, pakati pevanhu vanenge 300 munhoroondo yeNASA.
Iye zvino avo vanozvitsvaga muhurumende vanochengetedza basa ravo uye basa rekushumira pavakagoverwa kuRyndon Johnson Space Center muHouston, Texas, kwemakore mashanu.
NASA Inodiwa
Kunyange zvazvo post-baccalaureate digrii yakasarudzwa, NASA inoda vana vesayendisiti vane chidimbu chechikoro chechikoro - kunyanya imwe inonyanya kugadzirisa unyanzvi, sayenzi yezvinyorwa, sayenzi chaiyo, kana mathematics.
Havashuwo kutsva-vakatarisana nekupedza kudzidza: Vanofungidzirwa nevekugadzira maitiro vanofanira kunge vane "makore matatu okubatana, aine zvishoma nezvishoma, ane ruzivo rwehutano" ( Astronaut Selection uye Kudzidziswa , PDF) kunyange zvazvo chiremba chechikoro chinogona kutora rimwe gore, uye chiremba vatatu makore, zvekudiwa ikoko.
Vafambisi vechikwata nevatungamiriri (zvichida kwete chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ikozvino kuti tichave tichinyaradza russi-space-cabs) inodawo maawa ane chiuru chechiitiko semutyairi-mu-murairo.
Uyezve, chero mupiro-mukuru wemauto kana vehurumende - anofanira kutora nzvimbo yeNASA muviri uye ave masendimita masendimita masere, asi haasi kureba kupfuura 6 '4. Vatyairi vanogona kungotarisana pakati pe 5' 2 ne6 '3. (Nguva dzose iyo inowedzera inch iyo inokuuraya iwe.)
Zvinoda Hondo
Muzhinji, varwi vemauto vanozvitsvaga vagari vemuUnited States uye vanotumwa vakuru vakuru vane makore masere emabasa ekushanda. Mukuwedzera pane zvinodaro zveNASA, mauto eArmed uye Marine Corps anonyorawo madhigirii asingagamuchirwi, kusanganisira teknolojia yezvehutano, psychology (kunze kwekliniki, muviri, kana kuongororwa), kuyamwisa, kurovedza muviri, masayenzi ezvesuzhinji, uye magetsi.
Zvose zveNASA matariro zvinoshandisa kuburikidza neHurumende yekuunganidza hurumende USAJobs, asi vanotora zvehondo vanoendesa mberi kushanda kuburikidza neketani yavo yekuraira. Kunyange zvazvo NASA ichiona chikumbiro ichocho pakarepo, nheyo imwe neimwe inotaura mukutora kuburikidza ne "bhodhi rekusarudza" - iyo imwechete yemakurukota ekomiti inosarudza kukurudzira. (Asi Marine Corps, zvisinei, yakadonha bhodhi rokusarudza muna April 2012, kufunga kuti NASA yakanyatsoziva nzira yekutsvaga astronaut.)
O, uye chikamu ichocho pamusoro pekutumwa vakuru? Sezviri pachena, kune rimwe chete rinopisa: Air Force ichagamuchira mvumo kubva kuvakuru kana kuverengwa .
... Mira, Chii?
Hungu, mushumo weMhepo yeHurumende yezveMasangano ehurumende inowanikwa munyaya yegore ra2011 inotaura kuti vashandi vanogona kushanda. Zvinosuruvarisa, tsanangudzo yejeri yakavharwa kune imwe nzvimbo yakachengeteka inowanika chete kune veMweya yeVashandi.
Kufanana nevakawanda, ndaive ndichidavira kuti vatendi vose vezvombo zvehondo vanoendeswa, vakuru. Dhesi yacho inotsigira kushamwaridzana uku: Hazvina kunyange munhu anyoresa astronaut - iye zvino, wekare, kana akafa - anonzi muNASA ya 2005 Astronaut Fact Book (PDF) kana pane imwe nzvimbo yazvino.
Saka, chii chinotengeswa? Kutendeseka, pasina ruzivo rwemaIndaneti eEnglish Force, ini handizivi. Asi kana rimwe davi raizopa zvikwereti kuti rive vanhu, Air Force inopindira mushumo semuiti mukuru wekubatsira nzvimbo.
Anomirira mhepo mumunda seApace Systems Operations , ane mutoro wezviitiko uye kunze kwebasa rekudzidzisa, anogona kuita nharo yakasimba yekuti ave wekutanga astronaut.
Kubva pane zvandakaona sekugadzirira basa muMarines, ndinogona kungotaura kuti kana pane chimwe chinhu chakanyorwa mukuti iwe unokodzera purogiramu, zvakakosha kuti ushandise. Asi usashanda nechinangwa chipi zvacho chekodzero.
Career Outlook
Mushure mezvose, chero ani-angave ari anstronaut anotarisana nguva refu: "a .7 muzana mukana wekusarudzwa," maererano neHondo Colonel Tim Creamer, yakataurwa muna 2008 neArmedy.mil. Munyaya imwecheteyo, Colonel Jeff Williams akazobhabhatidzwa, akabvumirana nekumirira kwemakore gumi uye kuregererwa kakawanda asati aita kuNASA, achiwedzera, "Usaisa mazai ako mune rimwe tswanda - asi. . . ivai nemafungiro. "
Izvo zvinopa mazano kune chero mapoka evanhu vanoita basa, kunyanya nokuda kwekugoverwa uko kuronga kwenguva yakareba-uye ramangwana rekunyangarika - rinogona kusimbisa "kukurumidzira nekumirira" mhepo ine simba kunyange kune yakakosha mucheche.
Hazvirevi kuti vanogadzira mhepo havazogoni kuita: Pasinei nekurasikirwa kwekupedzisira kweSouth shuttle mu 2012, NASA icharamba ichiendesa vanhu vayo nekutsvaga zvigaro pamashandiro eRussia, kusvikira kubatana nekambani yekambani yekutengeserana inotanga kubhadhara.
Uye NASA ichiri kushambadzira nzvimbo dzeAstronaut. Sarudzo dzeAstronaut mapuraneti munhengo imwe neimwe yematare ebasa rakaputirwa mugore ra2012 nemazita evechadenga vanogona kutarisira kunyorera kuNASA pakati pekupedzisira-2013.
Pfungwa iyi ndeiyi chete: kupinda muchirongwa chechimunyanzvi kuburikidza nehondo kune chinangwa chakanaka, asi zvinoda kushivirira kukuru, kutarisa mberi, nekuzvitsaurira. Uye pasina chivimbo, zvakanakisisa kana iwe uine chirongwa chekushandura chimiro kuitira kuti iyo tsamba dzinoramba dzirege kukuvadza hupenyu hwako.