Iyo Yakadzama Sei, Inoshandisa Periscope, Inotasikirwa Nenzira dzepamusoro uye Zvimwe
Ngarava dzomugungwa dzenguva refu dzave dzichida kufarira varwi veNavy uye kune avo vakashinga uye vakazvitsaurira nhengo dzeNavy, hupenyu huri kuNavy submarine, uye kuti dzinoshandiswa sei mukudzivirirwa kwenyika dzinochengetedzwa muchivande. Havana kudana ndecheKunyarara Basa pasina. Kubvira paHondo Yenyika II, zvombo zvenyukireya zvine simba rekushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya zvakagadzirisa chikamu chenyika yenyukireya muCold War pamwe chete nekutarisana neHondo yeUgandanga ine zvombo zvepamusoro zvombo.
Heano mhinduro dzemibvunzo yakawanda pamusoro pemasiminini, neine ruzivo ruremekedzo rweUnited States Navy Submarine Force:
Nzira Yenharaunda Inowedzera Sei?
Ngarava dzinotenderera pamusoro pepamusoro nekushandisa matanki emagetsi azere nemhepo. Iko kune mabheji ari pamusoro peti matanho emabollast anozarurirwa kana yava nguva yokuti gungwa remvura risvike. Apo mhepo inopukunyuka, mvura yegungwa inouya muzasi kwetangi. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvisizvo zvive zvakanyanya uye zvinyanyisa. Zvinotora vanhu vana mubasa kuti vatevedze gungwa remvura kana riri pamusoro kana kuti rinyura mumvura. Pamberi pejeri vakanyorerwa nhengo ndivo helmsman uye planesman. Vanosara kuruboshwe uye kurudyi uye kumusoro uye pasi vachitora masimba ekugadzirisa mafambiro uye mapurisa. Mupurisa ari mutungamiri ndiye mutungamiri wekudzidzira uyo anotarisira mabasa avo ose. Nhengo yechina yeboka rekurindira, Chief of the Watch, agere pedyo uye anoshandisa Ballast Control Panel (BCP). IBCP iri kutungamirira mazhenje ayo anozadza uye anowira chikepe chacho uye anochengetedza zvinyoro uye zvidzitiro pazvinoputika.
Nzira Yenharaunda Inowanikwa Sei?
Imwe nzira iyo gungwa remvura inogona kukwira inonzi inosvika kumusoro. Kuti uite izvi, kukwirira kwemhepo kunoputirwa mumatangi e ballast kuchinja mvura yegungwa. Iko kuyerwa kwemvura yegungwa iri kuchengetedza pasi pemvura pasi, saka kuifambisa kunokonzera kukura pasi.
Imwe nzira ndeyekufambisa mberi. Ngarava ine ndege inotarisana nenheyo yayo, uta uye superstructure. Nokuvanyengedza, marwendeya anogona kusimuka sezvaanenge achifamba. Pane imwe nguva, pasi-kumanikidzwa kwemhepo inogona kukonzera mvura yegungwa kubva mumatangi e ballast kuti iite ichikwira pamusoro pemvura.
Iwe Wakadzika Sei Unogona Kuenda Munharaunda Yenharaunda?
Izvo zvakasarudzwa. Izvo izvo Navy inogona kukuudza iwe ndeyokuti ma-submarines avo anogona kunyura mukati mamapiro mana. Asi havaendi zvakadzika sezvinobvunzurudzwa zvitsva zvinotsvaga gungwa rezasi.
Inguva Yakareba Ndeipi Inogona Kuendesa Ngarava Mumvura?
Ngarava dzemagetsi emagetsi eNavy dzinogona kuchengetedza mvura yakareba kwenguva refu. Mhepo haisi dambudziko sezvo iyo inogadzira oksijeni yavo uye inochengetedza mhepo yakachena. Muganhu wekuti vanogona kugara kwenguva yakadii pasi pemvura ndeyekudya uye zvinhu. Ngarava dzinowanzochengetedza zvokudya zvemazuva 90, saka dzinogona kupedza mwedzi mitatu pasi pemvura.
Mafambasi emvura anounza dizeli (kwete iko zvino anoshandiswa neUnited States Navy) aiva nemiganhu yemazuva mashoma akaputirwa. Havana kukwanisa kupinza injini yekufema-hewa panguva iyo yakanyatsonyudzwa mumvura uye vaifanira kuvimba nesimba rebheteri uye motors emagetsi apo pasi pemvura. Vaizofanira kushandisa uye kushandisa nyoka ye snorkel yemhepo kuitira injini dzemajeri kuti dzigadzire mabhatiri uye kushandura mhepo yakachena.
Unogona Kuona Kunze Paunenge Uri Mumvura Here?
Kwete, Navy submarines hadzina mahwindo kana portholes saka vashandi vanogona kutarisa upenyu hwepasi pepasi. Ngarava dzemumashure dzine maonero evanhu kunze kwemaonero, uye aya anongoshandiswa chete pedyo nepamusoro pepasi, periscope depth (PD). Vafambisi vezvikepe vanogona kutarisa zvakapoteredza madigiri 360 ne-periscope kuti vawane dzimwe ngarava uye ndege munharaunda yacho uye kuwana ruzivo pane chinangwa chavanoronga kurwisa kana kutumira kuti varege. Ngaraimari dzinoshandisa sonar kana dzichinge dzanyura mvura kuti dziwane ruzivo pamusoro pezvinangwa zvevavengi, nzvimbo yepasi pemvura, nedzimwe njodzi.
Chii Chinotarisa Kufanana NePisiscope?
Mazuva ano zvisizvo hazvina kungoita kuti dashed urambe uine ruzivo kubva kumafirimu ekare, vanewo maonero eusiku, vhidhiyo uye achiri makamera, kukudzwa uye antenna mukati.
Iwe Unoziva Sei Kwamuri Uri Kuenda Mumvura?
Kushandura kunotariswa neVatashambadzi veVatashambadziri uye Quartermasters uye vanotungamirirwa nemakombiyuta ari muchikepe.
Vanoshandisa marati ekufamba marati. Ngarava inogamuchira zviratidzo kubva kuGlobal Positioning System (GPS) ma satellite kana iri pedyo zvakakwana kusvika pamusoro pekushandisa antenna. uye Quartermasters vanoshandisa mazamu marwendo emigwagwa Vanogonawo kushandisa sextant apo iri pamusoro.
Iwe Unogona Kunzwa Mazai Nenzira Yenharaunda Kana iri pasi pemvura here?
Kazhinji, ngarava ine mvura yakanyunguduka haigoni kudonha nekufamba kwemafungu pamusoro. Inongova mumhepo ine mhirizhonga ine simba uye mhirizhonga inofamba-famba inosvika kusvika mazana mana pasi pepasi. Mune mamiriro aya, submarines inogona kutora rugwaro rwema mashanu kusvika kune gumi.
Nzira Yakakurumidza Kuenda Nenharaunda Inoenda Sei?
Izvi zvinongororwa pamwe chete. Zvisinei, zvombo zvenyukireya zveU.SU zvinogona kufamba nokukurumidza kupfuura makiromita makumi maviri neawa, iyo makiromita 37 paawa kana 20 majeko (nautical maawa neawa) pasi pemvura.
Nei Kutsika Ngarava Kunogona Kuenda Nokukurumidza Pasi pemvura kupfuura Pasi?
Surface Dhigiriro: Chimiro chebvudzi remvura inosvimha misodzi inobvumira ngarava kuti iparadzanise mumvura kana pane mvura kumativi ose - pamwe neimba inoshandisa sonar equipment. Asi kana iri pamusoro, inoshandisa simba kuti iite wave wave uye inomuka. uye ipapo simba shomanana rinoshandiswa mumhepo. Zvigadziro zveNyika Hondo Yenyika II uye gungwa rekutanga remvura yenyukireya, USS Nautilus , raiva nemiseve mipfupi kuti iende nokukurumidza pamusoro pepamusoro peiyo yakaita pasi pemvura.
Unowana Sei Air kuMugwagwa Wenharaunda?
Ngarava ine ruzivo rwekuvhara mazhenje ekuunza mhepo yekunze kana iri muchiteshi, uye nhamba ye snorkel kuti inounze mhepo iyo yakasvibiswa pakudzika kwe periscope. Imwe ikasvibiswa pasi pe periscope yakadzika, zvishandiso zvinoramba zvichichenesa mhepo yezvinhu zvinosvibisa uye oksijeni-inogadzirisa kuitira kuti idzozezve mhepo. Unhu hwemhepo hunoramba uchiongororwa. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, iyo Navy yakarambidzwa kusvuta pamashamba emvura. Vaiwanzopfungaira munzvimbo yakasarudzwa pamusoro pegungwa remvura chete nepamusoro uye vachigamuchira mhepo itsva uye vaizozivisa "mwenje wokusvuta unopfuta".
Iwe Unotaura Sei?
Submarines vanoshandisa midziyo yakakwana yekukurukurirana nemhenderekedzo yegungwa uye zvingarava, kana zvakananga kana kuburikidza nesataneti. Submarines inogona kutumira uye kugamuchira mazwi maviri uye kwete-ezwi mashoko. Vafambisi vechikepe vanogona kutumira uye kugamuchira email apo vari muchikepe uye pasi pemamiriro mashomanana pave pagungwa. Tsamba uye mapepa anotengeswa kana iri muchikepe. Vanokwanisawo kushandisa Low Frequency (VLF) redhiyo iyo inofamba iri pasi pemvura kusvika pakadzika 60 ft pa 3-30 kHz.
Sonar Anoita Sei?
Sonar (SOund NAvigation uye Ranging) inoshandiswa kuongorora zvikepe nemasitadhimasi, uye zvinosanganisira kusaita uye kushandiswa kwemhando. Ne sonar ane simba, kupisa kwezwi kunoparidzirwa uye kunowedzera zvinhu kubva mumvura. Zvinonzwika sepings yawakanzwa mune mafirimu pamusoro pemasimmarines. Iyo midziyo inoteerera kudzoka kwechiratidzo chebounced kuratidza mazano nekukurumidza kwechinhu chacho. Zvisinei, dzimwe ngarava nemasitima emunharaunda zvinogona kunzwa idzi zviratidzo zvinoshandiswa zve sonar uye dzinoziva kuti marwende enyu ari kupi. Passive sonar anoteerera manzwi anouya kubva pane zvinhu, kusanganisira dzimwe ngarava uye zvombo zvemanheru. Icho hachipi chipo chako. Vane unyanzvi sonar operators vanogona kugadzirisa huzhinji hwemhando dzezvikepe, zvimasimini uye hupenyu hwemvura kubva kune zviratidzo izvi. Ngarava inogona kunzwa kazhinji ngarava uye marara makuru ehove (whales / dolphins) makiromita kure.
Iwe Unopukunyuka Sei Kubva Kumakungwa Emvura Anonyura?
Navy submarines ine mabhuni maviri anopukunyuka, ayo akafanana nemhepo inovhara uye inogona kushandiswa semigwagwa inopunyuka. Iwe unogona kupfeka hupenyu huchengetedza hune hood inopa huvhu hwemweya kufema, ndokubva wopinda trunk inopukunyuka. Hatch yakadzika yakavharwa, trunk inozadza mvura uye inosvika kugungwa. Ipapo kunze kwekunze kunosvinudzwa uye iwe unofamba uchienda kumusoro.
Vanhu Vanoponeswa Sei Kubva Kumugwagwa WeSunken?
Iyo Navy ine zvombo zvekudzikinura zvinonzi Deep Submersible Rescue Vehicles (DSRV), sezvinowanikwa mumafirimu, Kushuva Red Red , kana Grey Lady Down . Vanogona kusungira kugomba rinopukunyuka remvura yegungwa rinotonhorera uye kutora vashandi. Chizvarwa chinotevera kuponeswa kunonzi "Submarine Rescue Diving" uye "Recompression System".
Wakave Wakave Ipi Nemauto Emagetsi eNyukireya eAmerica Akarasika?
Vaviri vakarasika. IU USS Thresher (SSN 593) yakadzika musi waApril 10, 1963 apo paiva nemuedzo wegungwa uye USS Scorpion (SSN 589) yakarasika musi waMay 27, 1968 apo ichibva pakuiswa muGungwa reMediterranean. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II yoga, 52 migwagwa yakarasika. Icho chaiva chimwe chezvikepe zvese zvishanu zvakanyura kana zvakarashika. Hondo uye shure kweHondo, vanenge makumi maviri vakarasika nekuda kwezviitiko.
Ndepi iri Submarine Museums?
Iyo Navy ine mahofisi maviri ehurumende anoshandiswa kunzvimbo dzepasi pepasi uye pasi pehondo hondo:
- US Navy Submarine Force Museum - Inosanganisira USS Nautilus , USS George Washington uye USS X-1. Groton, Connecticut.
- Naval Undersea Museum: Keyport, Washington.
Kune dzakawanda zveimwe marwende emvura anotaridzirwa mumamyuziyamu. Iwe unogona kuwanikwa navo nekutsvaga paIndaneti minamine museums.