Ndeapi Maitiro Evanhukadzi Kuchinja MuUnited States

Nhoroondo Inowana Gender Basa Rokushandura Pakati pevana vechiAmerica

Maitiro ehurumende ari kuchinja kubasa uye kumba, maererano nekutsvakurudza kwakaitwa paMhuri uye Work Institute zvakare muna March 2009. Varume nevakadzi vaduku zvakafanana vari kushora mabasa echikadzi uye vanotarisira kugoverana mubasa rakabhadharwa uye kutarisira imba uye vana, maererano neongororo yevanhu 3 500 vokuAmerica.

Kuchinja Maitiro Evanhukadzi

Kwenguva yekutanga munhoroondo yeongororo yakaratidza kuti vakadzi vanopfuura makore makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemashanu vari kungoita sevarume kuti vatsvake mabasa nemabasa akawanda.

Muna 1992, tsvakurudzo yakawana 80 kubva muzana yevarume pasi pemakore makumi maviri nemakumi maviri evanhu vaida mabasa ane mamwe mabasa, zvichienderana ne72 muzana yevakadzi vechidiki. Chido chekuwedzera mutoro chakaderera kune vose vakomana mumusangano wekutsvaga muna 1997, (kusvika ku 61 muzana yevarume ne 54 muzana yevakadzi) uye vakakwira muna 2002 kusvika 66 muzana yevarume uye 56 muzana yevakadzi.

Muna 2008, vasikana vechidiki avo vakanga vasingatsvaki mutoro mukuru vakatsanangura nei:

• 31 muzana vakataura kuti kuwedzera kwebasa basa.
• 19 muzana vagara vaine basa repamusoro-soro.
• 15 kubva muzana vakaratidza kufunganya nezvekuva nekugadzikana kwakakwana kwekutarisira basa uye kumba.

Amai Haasi Kupera Kuda

Chiitiko chechipiri ivo vanotsvakurudza vaisimbisa ndechokuti mukutsvakurudza kwe2008, vanaamai vaduku vaida mabasa akawanda kupfuura vezera ravo vasina vana.

Tichitarisa vakadzi vari pasi pe29 muna 1992, 78 muzana yevakadzi vasina vana vanopesana ne60 muzana yevana vaida mamwe mabasa. Izvozvo zvakaputika muna 2008, ine 66% chete yevakadzi vasina mwana uye 69 muzana yevana vaduku vanoda basa rakakwirira-basa.

"Mukufananidza 1992 na2008, maitiro maviri ekutanga ari kushamisa: pakati peMillenials (pasi pemakore makumi maviri nemakumi matatu), vakadzi vanogona kunge vakangoita varume kuti vawane mabasa nemutoro mukuru," yakashuma kudaro. "Nhasi, hapana musiyano pakati pevakadzi vechidiki vane uye vasina vana mune chido chavo chekuenda kumabasa vane mamwe mabasa."

"Takatorwa pamwe chete, aya maitiro maviri anoratidza kuti vakadzi veMillenial vari pasi pechikonzero chakafanana nevanoshanda navo varume pavanouya kune vavariro dzepamusoro uye kutarisira," yakashuma kudaro.

Varume nevakadzi Vanobvumirana neGender Doro

Uyewo kwenguva yekutanga munhoroondo yekuongorora, muna 2008 zvinenge zvakaenzana nehuwandu hwevarume nevakadzi vakatenda mumabasa evanhukadzi.

Inenge 42 muzana yevarume uye 39 muzana yevakadzi vakabvumirana nemashoko acho kuti zviri nani kune vose "kana murume wacho akawana mari uye mukadzi anotarisira imba nevana." Izvo zvichibva kune 74 kubva muzana yevarume uye 52 muzana yevakadzi vakatsigira mabasa echikadzi muna 1977.

Iwe uchacherechedza kuti varume vakawanda kupfuura vakadzi vakashandura maonero avo pamusoro pebonde pakati pe1977 na2008. Varume vari mumhuri miviri yekuwana mari vakachinja mafungiro avo zvikuru, ne 37% chete vane maonero evanhu vomunharaunda muna 2008 nekusvika 70 muzana muna 1977.

Zvizvarwa zvakwegura zvekare kare zvinobata maonero emagariro pamusoro pehutano kupfuura vechidiki. Asi mushumo wakawana nhengo dzezvizvarwa zvekare zvakanyanya kufarirwa kune zvisiri zvechikadzi zvebasa kupfuura kare. Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, ona peji 11 yemushumo .

Kunyanya Kugamuchira Kushanda Moms

Muna 2008, 73 kubva muzana yevashandi vakati vanaamai vanoshanda vanogona kuva neukama nevana vavo sevanoramba vari pamusha amai.

Izvo zvinobva ku 58 muzana muna 1977.

Pakati pevarume, nhamba yacho yaiva 67 muzana muna 2008 uye 49 muzana muna 1977. Kwevakadzi, 80 muzana muna 2008 vaitenda kushanda vanaamai vanogona kuva nehukama hwakanaka hwevana, kubva pa71 muzana muna 1977.

Vanhu vakakurira amai vari kushanda vainyanya kubvumirana kuti vanaamai vanoshanda vanogona kuva nehukama hwakanaka nevana.

Ndiani Anoita Basa?

Muna 2008, 56 kubva muzana yevarume vakati vakaita zvishoma nehafu yekubika, kubva ku 34 muzana muna 1992. Vakadzi vanoiona zvisiyana zvakasiyana asi vane 25 muzana chete vanoti varume vanoita hafu, kubva ku15 muzana muna 1992.

Kana iri yekuchenesa imba, pane misiyano yakakura yekufunga pamusoro pokuti ndiani anoita basa racho. 53 muzana yevarume vakati vanoita zvishoma nehafu, kubva ku40 muzana muna 1992. Asi 20 muzana chete yevakadzi vakataura kuti mudzimai wavo anoita hafu hafu, kubva pa18 muzana muna 1992, kwete muwandu hunokosha.

"Zvave zviri pachena kuti vanhu vanobvumirwa kuti varume vave uye kuti ivo vari kubatanidzwa mukuchengetwa kwevana, kubika nekuchenesa mumakumi matatu emakore akapfuura kupfuura zvaive kare," yakashuma kudaro.

Kukura Basa-Upenyu Kurwisana Kwevanhu

Sezvo madzibaba nevarume vachiwedzera mabasa avo pamusha, ivo vari kutarisana nebasa rakaoma rekuenzanisa uye mabasa emhuri.

Muna 2008, 45 kubva muzana yevarume vakataura kurwadziwa kwebasa-hupenyu, kubva ku 34 muzana muna 1997. Iyo inofananidzwa ne39 muzana yevakadzi vanopesana muna 2008, kubva ku 34 muzana muna 1997.

Vanababa vakarohwa zvakaoma zvikuru, uye 59 muzana yebaba vari vaviri-vanotora mhuri vachiparidza kukanganisa-mhuri dzemakakatanwa, zvichienderana ne35 muzana muna 1977. Mumhuri imwe chete, vana makumi mashanu kubva muzana yemadzibaba vakaona kupesana.

Kutarisa madzimai, 45 muzana vakaona kupesana muna 2008, kubva 41 kubva muzana muna 1977.

Zvakanaka kuona kuti basa rezvepabonde rinoramba richichinja asi kune basa rakawanda rinofanira kuitwa kuti zviri nani kuti tishandise amai vedu tsika.

Yakarongwa naElbert McGrory