Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, mannequins akashandiswa "kuenzanisa" zvipfeko. Mudzimai waAnitede, Marie Augustine Vernet, aiva "hupenyu hwake hupenyu," uye inonzi ndiyo yekutanga yefashoni. Kwete chete Zvakakosha muumbi wekutanga kushandisa mienzaniso yakararama, asi ndiye aivawo muumbi wekutanga kugadzira ndiro yake pazvipfeko.
The First Modeling Agencies
After Worth akanga atanga kushandisa maitiro akararama, kuenzanisira sekuti basa rakagadzwa, uye vamwe vakatanga kutevera. Mushure mekugadzirwa kwekupikisa (kusanganisira fashoni kupikisa), chikwata chacho chakashanduka. Muna 1946, Ford Models yakasikwa naEileen naGerard Ford. Ford Models imwe yezvokutanga uye dzakakurumbira masangano ekufananidzira munyika, uye yakazarura mikova yakawanda yevatungamiri vachitarisira kuvaka basa kubva pane zvaimbova chido chekuita.
Kunyange zvazvo paiva nemhando dzakabudirira kwazvo muma1950, kuva mufaniro wekubudirira kwaireva kuzivikanwa mukati memafashoni emagariro, panzvimbo yepop-tsika semagariro ese nenzira inozivikanwa zvino.
Mamwe mazita makuru panguva iyoyo aiva Dovima, Carmen Dell'Orefice, Wilhelmina Cooper, uye Dorothea Parker. Mifananidzo yakabudirira zvikuru yaizoita $ 25 / awa, iyo yaifungidzirwa mari yakawanda panguva iyoyo.
Muma1960, masangano ekuenzanisa akatanga kubuda munyika yose. Zvizhinji zvaiitwa hazvina kufamba zvakawanda zvebasa, saka vaifarira kushanda mukati mese iyo ipi zvayo yaive ichibudirira kwavakagara.
London yakava chikwata chemafashoni mumakore ekuma1960 zvichienderana nemhando dzayo dzakabudiswa saTiggy, Jean Shrimpton, naJoanna Lumley, uye inoramba iine mafashoni uye mafashoni kusvikira nhasi.
Kuenzanisira Sezvakaita Unyanzvi Hwakanaka
Ma1970 ne1980 akaunza mari inobhadharwa uye maitiro ekushanda kwemaenzaniso, uyewo maitiro ekugadzira zvipfeko uye kubvumira bvudzi. Kuenzanisa makwikwi kwaive nzira dzakakurumbira dzekuwana mhando itsva muma1970 nema1980. Muna 1980, yekutanga Ford Supermodel yeNyika Kwenyanano yakaitwa kuti iwane zviso zvitsva kubva kumativi ose enyika. Ima1970 yairevawo kuratidza zviitiko zvakakosha mumashini uye mafashoni. Muna 1974, Beverly Johnson akava mufananidzo wekutanga weAfrica-America kuti awane nyasha dzeAmerican Vogue, uye muenzaniso Margaux Hemingway akanyorera chibvumirano chemadhora emadhora muna 1975. Sangano rake rakaita kuti avhare magazini ya Time, iyo yakasimbisazve kutenderwa kwekuenzanisa semhizha.
The Supermodel Era
Ma1990 anozivikanwa semakore gumi e "supermodel," uye zviso zvavo zvakakurumbira zvaive kwose kwose. Christy Turlington, Naomi Campbell, Cindy Crawford, Stephanie Seymour vakanga vari, uye vakaramba vari, mamwe ezvinyorwa zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa panguva. Apo Victoria's Secret and Sports Illustrated yakakurumbira pakuzivikanwa, ndizvo zvazvakaitawo kudai kwemazimbe uye emakwikwi emufananidzo weHeidi Klum, Claudia Schiffer, uye Tyra Banks.
The Digital Age uye Social Media
Mazana e2000 akaunza hutsva hutsva munyika yekufananidza: hupenyu hwehupfumi. Iye zvino, mienzaniso yakanyanyobatanidzwa kupfuura yekare nevarimi vavo sezvavanogovera zvikamu zvehupenyu hwavo hapana aifanira kuona pakutanga. Mifananidzo yakadai saKendall Jenner, Gigi Hadid, naCara Delevingne vane mamiriyoni evateveri mumabhuku avo ehupfumi, uye izvi zvinowanzova chinhu chakakosha muchisarudzo chekushandira mari. Makore makumi maviri nemaviri akaunzawo misika itsva uye yakagadziriswa yevatoriki vanotarisa kusiyana ne "mitambo" yemhando .
Nyika yekuenzanisira iri kuramba ichichinja, uye nhasi kune misika yakawanda yevatori vezvizvarwa zvose, masimba, zvikomo, uye maumbirwo! Hapana kumbove nenguva yakanakisisa yekuonekwa nepamusoro yevatungamiri vemazana uye mavheti uye kurarama hope yako yekuva muenzaniso. Dzidza pamusoro pekutsvaga mutengo .