Kusaruramisira Kurangwa (Chitsauko 15)

Kurayirwa Vatongi veMasoja Varwi

Kusarura rusarura (NJP) kunoreva zvimwe zvikanganiso zvishoma zvinogona kupiwa nokuda kwezvikanganiso zviduku zvekurangwa nemukuru wevakuru kana mukuru wehurumende anotarisira kune nhengo dzomurairo wake. MuNavy uye Coast Guard, musarudzo dzisina kurangarirwa dzinotumidzwa se "mutevedzeri wemutungamiriri" kana kuti "mast." Mune Marine Corps, iyo nzira inonzi "mahofisi emaawa," uye muHondo ne Air Air , inonzi "Chikamu 15." Chinyorwa che15, cheGwaro Rakafanana reKutonga Kwechiuto, (UCMJ), uye Chikamu V cheBhuku reMatare-Kurwisana kunoumba mutemo wekutanga pamusoro pekusaruramisira kwemitemo.

Kudzivirirwa kwepamutemo kwakapiwa munhu kunyoresa NJP kupomerwa kwakazara zvakakwana kudarika mhaka yezviito zvisingaiti, asi, kuburikidza nekugadzirisa, hazviperi zvakanyanya kudarika madare-kurwisana.

MuHondo neMweya weHurumende, chirango chisina kurangarirwa chinongogadziriswa nemukuru wevakuru. Izvozvo zvinoreva mutariri aripo chaiyo mairairo, achivarondedzera se "mutungamiriri." MuNavy uye Marine Corps , kurangwa kusingarangarwi kunogona kugadziriswa ne "Mutariri Anotarisira." Izwi rokuti "Mutariri Mukuru" harisi kureva "OIC," se " chinzvimbo chebasa ," asi pane imwe nzvimbo mukuru apo mureza webato akachengetedza dare redzimhosva- gwaro rehondo rinoratidzira hofisi se "mukuru wepamusoro."

"Mast," "Chitsauko 15," uye "maawa ehofisi" ndiyo nzira iyo mutungamiri kana kuti mukuru wehurumende anogona:

• Tsvaga mubvunzo pamusoro pezvinhu zviduku zviduku zvinopomerwa zvakaitwa nhengo yemurairo wake;
• anobhadhara munhu anopomerwa mhosva yekutadza kwakadaro; and

• kurasikirwa nemhosva dzakadaro nokudzinga zvimhosva, kutonga chirango pasi pezvakanyorwa zveArt. 15, UCMJ, kana kutaura nyaya yacho kumatare ehondo.

Ndeipi "mast," " Chitsauko 15 ," uye "maawa ehofisi" haisi:

• Havasi muedzo, sezvo shoko rokuti "kusarura" rinoreva;
• a conviction; and
• kuregererwa kana kusarudzwa kuchiitwa kuti usamanikidza chirango.

Kukanganisa Kunorangarirwa Pasi Pechikamu 15

Kuti atange Chigwaro chechiito chechipiri, mutungamiri anofanira kunge ane chikonzero chekutenda kuti nhengo yemutemo wake akaita mhaka pasi peUCMJ. Chisungo chegumi nemashanu chinopa mutungamiri mukuru simba rokuranga vanhu nekuda kwemhosva duku . Izwi remhosva duku "rave riri chikonzero chekunyanya kunetseka mukushandiswa kweJNP.Chitsauko 15, UCMJ, uye Chikamu V, ndima 1, MCM (1998 ed.), Inoratidza kuti izwi rokuti" kukanganisa zviduku "rinoreva kusazvibata nenzira isingaiti zvakanyanya kudarika izvo zvinowanzotarisirwa muchidimbu dare rehondo (apo chirango chakanyanya chiri mumajeri makumi matatu). Izvi zvinoratidzawo kuti maitiro echikanganiso uye mamiriro akapoteredza komisheni yake ndeyezvikonzero zvinofanira kuonekwa kana Kukanganisa kwakashata mumasikirwo.Shoko rokuti "kukanganisa zvishoma" harifaniri kusanganisira kusaipa, iyo, kana kuedzwa nehurumende yehondo, inogona kurangwa nekuregererwa kusunungurwa kana kusungwa kwemakore anopfuura makumi mana. chinzvimbo chokuti kugadzirisa kwekupedzisira kwekuti mhosva chii "chiduku" chiri mukati mekutaura kwakanaka kwevakuru vakuru.

Mamiriro ezvakaipa . Bhuku reKurati-Martial, 1998 edition, rinoratidza zvakare muChikamu V, ndima.

1e, kuti, pakusarudza kana mhosva iri shoma, "chikonzero chekukanganisa" inofanira kufungwa. Icho chirevo chakakosha uye kazhinji hachina kunzwisiswa sekureva kusakosha kana kukurira kwechivi. Simba rinoreva kureva chirango chakakosha, zvisinei, uye ndicho chirevo chekukurukurirana kwakasiyana mundima iyo. Muchirevo chepamusoro, chimiro chemhosva chinoreva unhu hwayo, kwete simba rahwo. Mune mutemo wezvematongerwe enyika, kune maviri emhando dzemhando dzekusazvibata-kutadza mhosva uye mhosva. Kurangwa kwekuraira kune kukanganisa kwemaitiro anotonga kushandiswa kwemaitiro evanhu. Nokudaro, mitemo yemigwagwa, chiremera chinodiwa, kusateerera kwemauto ehondo, kusaremekedza vakuru vakuru vehondo, nezvimwewo, zvikanganiso zvechirango. Kupomerwa mhosva, kune rumwe rutivi, kunosanganisira kukanganisa kunowanzozivikanwa sekunonyanya kuipa (zvakadai sekupamba, kubata chibharo, kuuraya, kuparadza kwakanyanya, kuputika, nezvimwewo).

Zvose zviviri zvekukanganisa zvinosanganisira kusava nekuzvidzivirira, asi kuparwa kunosanganisira kusakosha kukuru kwekuzviraira kunofanana nekushayikwa kwetsika. Icho chibereko chepfungwa kunyanya kusaremekedza tsika dzakanaka dzetsika. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kuparwa kwemhosva haisi mhosho shomanana uye, kazhinji, chirango chikuru chisingatengeswi chakanaka. Zvikanganiso zvechirango, zvisinei, zvakakomba kana zviduku zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu uye, naizvozvo, apo dzimwe dzero dzechirango dzinotakura zvakanyanya kutongerwa, mutemo unoziva kuti kukanganisa kwezvimwe zvezvikanganiso zvekuranga zvichange zvishoma. Nokudaro, shoko rokuti "kuranga chirango" rinoshandiswa muBhuku reMatare-Martial, 1998 edition, rakanyatsosarudzwa.

Mamiriro ezvinhu . Mamiriro ezvinhu akapoteredza mutemo wekurairirwa kwechirango zvakakosha pakugadzirisa kana mhosva yakadaro idiki. Semuenzaniso, kusateerera nemaune mutemo wekutora zvombo kune imwe unit iri kurwisana kunogona kuva nemigumisiro inouraya kune avo vari kurwisana uye, saka, inyaya yakakomba. Kusateerera nokuzvidira kwemurairo wekutaurira kune vanochera mabhuku kunogona kunge kusina zvakakosha pakuranga. Iko kukanganisa kunofanira kupa zvose zvakanyanyisa, uye zvinodaro nekuda kwepamusoro wepamusoro chirango. Kana achitarisana nezvitadzo zvechirango, mutungamiri anofanira kunge asina rusununguko rwekufunga nezvemigumisiro yemamiriro ezvinhu kubvira paanoonekwa semutongi mukuru; asi, mukudzivirira mhosva, hurumende yakawanda inofarira kuwedzera pamwe neyemutungamiriri, uye avo vanopomerwa mhosva vanopiwa zvipupuriro zvakanyanya. Nokudaro, kungwara komutungamiriri mukuraira zvido zvekuranga kwakawanda kwazvo kudarika kukwanisa kwake kubata nemhosva.

Kufuridzirwa kweJNP hakuiti, mumamiriro ezvinhu ose, kunodzivisa dare rinotevera rekuda mhosva imwe chete. Ona Chikamu V, peji. 1e, MCM (1998 ed.) Uye peji 4-34. Uyezve, Chikamu 43 , cheUCMJ, chinorambidza kuiswa kweNJP makore anopfuura maviri mushure mekutongwa kwemhosva.

Mhosva dzakamboedzwa kare mumatare ehurumende . Mitemo yehondo inobvumira kushandiswa kweNJP kuranga munhu anopomerwa mhosva yepamhosva iyo yave akaedzwa nedare redzimba kana rekunze rezvematongerwo enyika, kana kuti mhosva yake yakatsaurwa kubva pane zvinowanzoitwa mhosva kune imwe nguva, kana nyaya yake akatongerwa nevana vechidiki mudare rehurumende, kana chiremera chikawanikwa kubva kumapurisa achiita dare redzimhosva-muuto wehondo (Mu Air Air, mvumo yakadaro inogona kupiwa chete neMunyori weMhepo Yemauto).

NJP inogona kunge isina kutongerwa chiito chakaedzwa nedare rinotora simba rayo kubva kuUnited States, saDare reDunhu reDunhu.

Zviri pachena, zviitiko umo kutsvaga kwekutadza kana kusava nemhosva kwakaiswa mukutongwa nematare ehondo hakugoni kuendeswa ku NJP. Zvisinei, pfungwa yekupedzisira iyo maitiro angabviswa kubva kumatare ehondo asati awanikwa nechinangwa kune NJP haina kunyatsojeka .

Off-based based offenses . Kurayira vakuru vakuru nevatungamiri vari kutarisira vanogona kutora zvido zviduku zviduku (izvo zvinoitika kana kuti zvisiri pamutemo) pa NJP. Kunze kwekunge mhosva yepasipo-imwe yakambotongwa nemasimba ehurumende, hapana muganhu kune simba rehurumende dzezvematongerwo enyika kuti agadzirise zvikanganiso zvakadaro pa NJP.

Zvimwe Pamusoro peChitsauko 15

• Kusaruramisira Kurangwa Kodzero
• Chirango Chirango
• Kusaruramisira Kurangwa Kukumbira

Mashoko akawanikwa kubva kuDhipatimendi reJustice Justice uye Civil Law