Anofunga kuti ndege dzinopinda sei uye dzichibva kune zvikwata zvepamhepo kana pasina sarudzo yekudzora ? Nyaya pfupi ndeyokuti vanoshandisa nzira yemigwagwa yepamusoro, kupinda uye kuenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo munzvimbo yacho uye dzimwe nguva achibhururuka nenzira inofanirwa kuburikidza nemhepo pane imwe nzvimbo inozivikanwa paanenge achitaura neredhiyo. Ndizvo. Inoshanda, nguva zhinji. Iye zvino, heino yerudzi rwekare.
Ndege inopenya inotarisirwa kutomira nzira yemotokari pari pedhi ndege.
Panzvimbo duku, dzisina-towered, zvikwata zvepanhau zvinotenderwa kupinda uye kusimuka zvakanaka chaizvo asi zvingada. Nenyanzvi, vanogona kubhururuka denderedzwa panzvimbo yemakatekete, uye vanogona kubhururuka kusvika nekubva pavanenge vachiita mapurisa kana vachida (kunze kwekuti FAA inotora nyaya yacho uye inokumbira Chikamu 91.13, iyo inoti hakuna munhu anogona kuita nenzira inogumbura vamwe). Asi pane chimiro chechimiro chekuti (vazhinji) vanofambisa ndege vanopinda mukati uye kunze kwezvikwata zvemhepo, uye rutsanga rine zvikamu zvitanhatu zvakasiyana, kana "makumbo."
- Nhungamiro : Mufambiro wepamusoro wemigwagwa unotenderera kuruboshwe, zvinoreva kuti ndege iri kuita zveruboshwe. Izvo zvisingaenzaniswi, kana kutendeuka kwakarurama, mapepa anowanikwa kuti arege kudzivirira nzvimbo kana zvipingamupinyi, kana kuti nokuda kwekurira kwekunzwa ruzha, asi muenzaniso wakazara uri kuruboshwe.
- Kureba kwayo : Muenzaniso wacho unotenderera kune anenge 1 000 feet AGL, kana pamusoro pepamusoro penyika, kana kuti panzvimbo yakakurudzirwa inowanikwa muhofisi yepa ndege / nzvimbo inobudiswa ne FAA. Uku kukwirira kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nechipingamupinyi chibvumirano, nzvimbo, uye runyararo kugadziriswa nzira. Kune imwe nzvimbo yepamhenderekedzo yepamhenderekedzo yegungwa, nzira yepamigwagwa yepamusoro inenge iri 1 500 feet MSL. Nekufambisa ndege ine kukwirira kwemamita 5 500, nzira yepamusoro yemigwagwa ingave inenge 6,500 mamita MSL (sekuverengwa pane altimeter ye ndege).
- Airspeed : Vose vanofambisa ndege vanofanirwa kutevedzana nemiganhu yepamhanyi yepamusoro pe 200 mavara mumigwagwa yemigwagwa, uye inofanirwa kugadzirisa kutarisa kufanana nedzimwe ndege dziri mufananidzo sezvakagona.
Iyo nzira yekutengesa inogona kugoverwa muzvikamu 6: Mutsoka wokubuda, gumbo remuchinjikwa, gumbo rekumusoro, gumbo rebhedha, rokupedzisira, uye kukwira.
Kubva Leg
Sezvo mumwe angafungidzira, gumbo rekufamba ndiyo nzira iyo ndege inobhururuka pakarepo mushure mokubva. Pakati pegumbo rekufamba, mutyairi anofambira ndege iri munzira yakarurama kubva pamugwagwa wepakati pemugwagwa, zvingave zvinoreva-kutarisa kunze kwekuchengetedza nzvimbo yakakura-kana kuti nekuchengetedza mhanho inotungamira pane chinangwa chekutarisa. Mutyairi wengarava achachengetedza iyi nzira yakareba yepamigwagwa kusvika paanosvika anenge mamita mazana matatu pasi pemugwagwa wepamusoro. Nokuda kwekutengesa kwepamusoro kwemakiromita anenge 1 500 MSL, mutyairi anogona kutanga kutendeukira kumugumbo wepachikafu chemufananidzo anenge anenge mamita mazana manomwe, achienderera mberi achikwira mukati maro uye
Crosswind Leg
Mutsipa wekuputika unoitika mushure mokutanga kwema 90-degree inoshandiswa pakusvika kusvika anenge mamita matatu pasi apa muenzaniso wepamusoro panguva yegumbo rekuenda kune imwe nzvimbo inofanirana nemugwagwa. Mutyairi anofanirwa kupfuurira kukwira kuenda kunzvimbo yakakwirira panguva yemuyo wepachikafu. Uyu mwendo unopedza mashomanana mashomanana kune ndege huru; anenge anenge hafu mamaira kubva kure negwagwa, mutyairi wacho achaita imwe yerutsoka kumucheto wepasi. A
Downwind Leg
Inenge imwe hafu mamaira kure kure kure nemugwagwa uri kushandiswa, mutyairi anofanirwa kutendeukira kune rimwe gumbo rakadzika, iro rinofananidza negwagwa uye rinotenderera zvakatarisana nekutarisa kunotungamirira.
Ndege ichave ichienda "nemhepo" kana kuti inotungamirirwa nemhepo. Mutyairi anofambisa urefu hwomugwagwa kune imwe nzvimbo yakatarisa uye anotanga kugadzirisa kugadzirira, zvichida kupedzisa "kusati kwasvika" kuongorora, kuwedzera zviputi uye / kana kuvimbisa kuti gear iri pasi uye yakavharwa munguva iyi. Abeam (90 degrees zvichienderana ne) nzvimbo inotarisa, kana kuti kuguma kwemugwagwa kunyura pasi, mutyairi angangoderedza simba uye anotanga kubuda zvishoma nezvishoma.
Base Leg
Pachinzvimbo chekudonha pasi, necheperi uye panenge kusvika 45-degree kubva kumagumo ekuguma kwemugwagwa, mutyairi anofanirwa kutanga bhizinesi rekumasviki anotendeukira kune rimwe gumbo regomba, zvakare rinofanirwa kusvika kumugwagwa. Mutyairi wacho anoenderera mberi nekusununguka kwake pamusana wekuzvarwa kwechizvarwa apo paanowedzera mazai kana zvichidiwa.
Apo paine-90-degree kubva kumugwagwa unenge uchienda, mutyairi wacho anotendeukira kumugumo wokupedzisira wemuenzaniso.
Final Leg
Chigumo chokupedzisira chemuenzaniso chinofanira kushandiswa kupedzisa nzira yacho, kutora mamiriro ekugadzirisa ndege, ndege, marefu, uye kuburuka kwenhamba. Kana paine glide nzira yakakodzera, mutyairi achave ari pamhepo yakarongedzerwa kune imwe ndege, ichidzika pachiyero chakanaka uye munzvimbo yakagadziriswa yekugara nemapapiro uye gear yakawedzerwa sezvinodiwa. Pakati pegumbo rokupedzisira remuenzaniso, mutyairi wacho anobva aenda kumugwagwa wekuenda.
Upwind Leg
Munguva yekutaura, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuitika zvinogona kuita kuti mutyairi aende kumativi ose kana kuti aite "nzira isina kukanganisa." Imwe ndege iri mumugwagwa, nzira isina kugadzikana kana kuvapo kwekumuka kwechisimba kunogona kureva kuti mutyairi achasarudza kusasviba, asi achaita nzira isina kukanganisa kana kuenda-yakapoteredza, pane iyo iyo mutyairi anowedzera simba rakazara (kana kutora) , inokwira kubva pasi, uye inofanidza zvakare ndege yekukwira. Munguva iyi, mutyairi anofanirwa kubatana nechikamu chepamusoro chemufananidzo, icho chinokanganiswa kuruboshwe rwemigwagwa (nokuda kwechimiro chekuruboshwe kuruboshwe) zvishoma. Iro jumbo rinoputika raizobva rayerera kusvika panzvimbo yekutendeukira kune rimwe jumbo rekuputika.
Kupinda kuPatende
Kupinda mumutambo wemigwagwa kunofanirwa, kana zvichibvira, kuitwa kubva kune-45-degree kusvika kumutsoka wepasi, uchibatanidza netsoka yekudzikira yefomu iri mukatikati memunda wemunda, kana kuti nguva inenge yakakwana yokuti mutyairi agadzire ndege kunowanzoita.
Kubuda muPatende
Kusiyana kubva mumuenzaniso kunofanirwa, kana zvichikwanisika, kutenderera kubva pakusimuka kana kumakumbo ekumusoro, zvichida zvakananga kana pa-45-degree angle pakatarisana nemuenzaniso pamugumo wepamuchinjikwa.
Cherechedzai: Aya ndiwo mazano chete. Vanosvika kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzisati dzanyatsopinda mabheji dzinowanzobva kumativi ose, uye kuenda kunowanzoenda kune chero nzira iyo mutyairi anosarudza. Kuchengetedza kunofanira kutorwa kuti urambe wakangwarira pakuziva kugona kufamba kwepamigwagwa uye kubuda mumamiriro ese ezvinhu. Ivai vakangwarira uye ita maredhiyo panguva yakakodzera nguva dzose.
Mhepo: FAA Airplane Flying Handbook