Basic Flight Instruments
Nhanho yemhepo inotaridzirwa mumashoko kana makiromita neawa pane chiratidzo chemhepo mukati memubhedha re ndege. Chiratidzo chemhepo ndechimwe chezvinhu zvekushandisa ndege uye zvinokosha kune vanofambisa ndege nokuti kuomerera kune zvakachengeteka kushanda zvakakosha kunokosha. Ndege imwe neimwe ine zvinyorwa zvayo zvakananga izvo mutyairi anofanirwa kuziva. Vatyairi vanofanira kuziva nguva iyo ndege ichabvisa nayo, nyika, stall, uye dzimwewo inoshanda zvakachengeteka panguva dzakasiyana dzendiza.
Chiratidzo chemhepo chinoshanda kuburikidza nekufananidza kudzvinyirira kwakasimba (ramakanini emhepo inodzvinyirira) uye kumanikidzika kwakasimba. Ichi chinyorwa chinoreva maitiro anowanzogadzirwa nemhepo zvinopesana nemasikirwo matsva emakomodhi anowanikwa pane zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi . Zviratidzo zvemhepo pane zvemazuva ano, makombiyuta epamusoro ekutenderera kunofanirwa kuratidzira mhepo yakasiyana zvakasiyana nezvakatsanangurwa munyaya ino uye inoshandiswa uchishandisa shanduro yemagetsi ezuva ranhasi. Airspeed inogonawo kuwanika kubva kune imwe GPS inenge yakagadzirirwa ndege.
Iyo inoshanda sei
Chiratidzo chemhepo chikamu chegomba-static system, a differential pressure system iyo inoshandisa zvose simba rekumanikidza mumhepo kubva pombi ye pitot uye kumanikidzika kwepakati kubva pachikepe chinonzi static. Iko mukati mekusungirirwa kwechiridzwa ndicho chivharo chakavharidzirwa chinogamuchirwa pamwe chete nekusimudzirwa kwemasimba kubva pombi ye pitot.
Kushanda kwakasimba kunowanzonzi kubva mukati memukati asi kunze kwechirafu. Mamiriro ekumanikidzwa kubva mukati uye kunze kwechidimbu anokonzerana kunze, achisiya chiyero chekushongedza kwakasimba, kana gondohwe remhepo.
Sezvo ndege ichikurumidza, simba rinosimba rinobva pagotot tube rinowedzera, zvichiita kuti diaphragm iwedzere. Kuburikidza nekubatanidza kwemagetsi, ichi chiyero chekuwedzera kwemhepo inoratidzwa munharaunda ye airspeed sindete.
Mhando dzeMhepo
- Yakaratidza Mhepo Yakasvibiswa : IAS ndiyo mhepo inotanga kuverengwa zvakananga kubva pane inoratidza airspeed.
- Calibrated Airspeed : CAS ndiyoyo chaiyo inomhanya yendege kuburikidza nemhepo, mushure mekugadziriswa nokuda kwepasipo uye zvipikiso zvese. Iyo yakaiswa airspeed (sezvairi kufananidzwa nemhepo yakaratidzwa) inogona kuwanikwa mubhuku rekushandisa re ndege.
- Ichokwadi Chechimhepo : TAS yakaiswa (kana kuti yakaenzana) airspeed yakagadziriswa nokuda kwesimba risingaverengeki uye kusimba.
- Equivalent Airspeed : EAS inotaridzirwa airspeed yakagadzirirwa kukanganisa kwekugadzirisa.
- Groundspeed : Chaizvoizvo kukurumidza kwendege pamusoro penyika, kuyerwa mumashoko kana makiromita neawa. Groundspeed is true airspeed correction for the effects of wind and is useful when planning flight .
- Mach Number : Inom Mach inonzi airspeed ye ndege kana ichienzaniswa nekukurumidza kwezwi. Inomutinhiro wezwi inonzi Mach 1.0. Ndege yepamusoro-speed ine Mak mita pane nzvimbo dzinofambisa airspeed.
Kuenzanisa uye Kukwana
Nhamba duku huru injini dzinoshandisa mavara-coded airspeed markings kuitira kuti mutyairi wacho ashande zvakanaka uye zvakajeka. Izvi zvinoratidzika zvinobatsira nokuti zvinoratidzira kufamba kwakakosha kwema ndege, inozivikanwa seV-speed.
- White Arc : The white arc pane airspeed zviratidzo inoratidza chimiro chakanaka chekushanda. Muchikati chemukati mutsvuku, zviputi zvizere zvinogona kushandiswa. Musoro wechena mutsvuku unoratidza kukurumidza kupfuura iyo mazhenje anogona kuwedzerwa panguva yekufamba, uye kushanda nekukurumidza kunze kwemukati mutsvuku nemakumbo pasi kunogona kusachengeteka.
- Green Arc : Hiriki yebhuruki pane imwe chiratidzo inofambisa ndege inomiririra inowanzoshanda pane ndege.
- Yakatani Arc : The yellow arc ndiyo inoratidzirwa yemhepo. Inorayirwa kuti vafambisi vengoro vese vanoshanda chete mu yellow yellow kuti vadzivirire mhepo. Kufambisa nekukurumidza mukati mechenjeri iri munguva yekutambudza kunogona kunge isina ngozi.
- Rutsvuku : Pamusoro pearc-arc mutsara wakatsvuka, unomiririra huwandu hunotenderwa hupenyu hwepegeti.
Chiratidzo Chemhepo Chikanganiso
Chiratidzo chemhepo chichave chisingabatsiri kana paine kuvharwa kwebhokisi pitot kana static port kana maviri. Kuvharidzira kunowanzova nemigumisiro yezvipembenene, mvura kana icing.
Kana iyo pitot tube uye gomba rayo ravhara rakavharwa, chiratidzo chemhepo chinoshanda sechimiro chemagetsi, ichiratidzira kuwedzera mumhepo kana ndege ichikwira kune imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira uye inopera mumhepo inenge yakasvibiswa panguva yekuzvarwa.
Kana iyo pitot tube ichidzivirirwa uye gomba rinoputika rinoramba rakasvinuka, mhepo yegondohwe inomhanya ichabuda ichipinda mumugodhi wokudonha, ichisiya kungoerekana kwakasimba mubhokisi tube. Iyo mhepo yakasimba inomira mumoto wepotot yaizoenzana nemhepo yakasimba yechiteshi chechigoni, uye chiratidzo chemhepo chinogona kuverenga '0'.
Kana iyo piti yepamusoro ichivharidzirwa (asi kwete iyo pitot tube), chiratidzo chemhepo chinoshanda, asi chichava chisina kururama. Sezvo mweya wakadzika uchinge wakabatwa mukati memakwenzi panzvimbo yakakwirira apo chiridzwa chacho chakamira kushanda, kukwira kunokonzera kupfuvura kunopfuura kwemazuva emhepo. Paunenge uchibhururuka pasi pekukwirira kwokuti kubviswa kwaitika, chiratidzo chemhepo chinogona kuverenga zvakakwirira kudarika chinowanzoitika.
Emergency Operation
Dzimwe ndege dzakagadzirirwa pitot tube kupisa zvinhu. Pitot kupisa inoshandiswa senzira yekudzivirira kumisa ice kubva pakugadzira pamusoro peti tube uye inoshandiswa kana ichibhururuka muchitonhora.
Ndege dzediki shoma dzakagadzirirwa kune imwe nzvimbo inogona kugadziriswa inogona kubatanidzwa nekukwevera chikwata mumubhedha kana chiitiko chechigamba chichidziviswa. Izvo zvitsva zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nemhepo inokonzerwa nemhepo yakaderera kune yekunze kwemazuva ekumanikidzika panguva yekufamba, izvo zvinoguma nezviratidzo zvishoma zvisingashandisi, asi inopa zvakanaka zvakakwana kuratidza kuchengetedza kwakanaka kwema ndege.