Yakabudiswa 8/22/2015
Mikana iwe wakambonzwa pamusoro peLean Startup movement, iyo ine chinangwa chekuvandudza mashandiro anoita makambani matsva nemishandira mitsva. Lean Startup ine chikwata chikuru chakadai nokuti vanhu vakawanda vanoziva kuti zvakaoma sei kuvaka chigadzirwa chakabudirira. Munhu wose anoziva nhamba dzinoshungurudza pamusoro pehuwandu hwezvikamu zvitsva zvinokanganisa.
Product-Market Fit
Chigadzirwa-mutengo chakakosha ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru zveLean Startup, asi zvakare chimwe chezvinhu zvisinganyatsotsanangurwa.
Marc Andreesen akabatanidza izwi rechigadzirwa-mutengo wakakodzera mubhuku re blog apo akati, "Mutengo-mutengo wakakwana unoreva kuva mumusika wakanaka une chigadzirwa chinogona kugutsa pamusika uyu." Tsanangudzo inokubatsira kuti unzwisise kuti chii chakanaka-mutengo wakakodzera pane hukuru hwepamusoro, asi haisi chaicho chinogona kuita. Iwe unogona kuwana nyaya dzakawanda dzinotaura nezvekugadzirwa kwemakiti, asi havatauri mazano akajeka pamusoro pokuti ungazviita sei.
The Lean Product Playbook naDan Olsen inopa mazano akajeka pamusoro pekuita kuti kugadzirwa kwemakiti kugone. Bhuku rino rinotsanangura Product-Market Fit Piramidi: muenzaniso unogadzirisa unotsanangura mutengo wemisika-yakashandiswa uchishandisa zvikamu zvishanu zvinokosha. Muchimiro ichi chechipiri, chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu chikamu chepiramidhi uye chinotarisana nezvikamu zviri pasi apa. Kubva pazasi kusvika kumusoro, zvikamu zvishanu zveMiti-Market Fit Pyramid ndezvenyu: chinangwa chako mutengi, zvaunotarisira mutengi wako, kukosha kwekutsvaga kwako, nzvimbo yako yakagadzirirwa, uye iwe unyanzvi hwekushandisa.
Muchiedza chekuedza kutsanangura uye kuvaka chigadzirwa chakabudirira, uchave uchigadzirisa nekudzokorora mafungiro mune zvose zvishanu zvezvikamu izvi.
The Lean Product Process
The Lean Product Process-zvakare inorondedzerwa muLean Product Playbook -inongoratidzira, nyore-kutevera nzira yakabva kuMiti-Market Fit Pyramid.
Izvi zvinokurongedza iwe sequentially kuburikidza nehutatu hwepiramidhi kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro. Inobatsira iwe kutaura uye kuedza pfungwa dzako huru kune imwe neimwe yezvikamu zvishanu zvezvigadzirwa-mutengo wakakwana.
Izvo Zvinokonzera Mutambo Process zvinosanganisira matanho matanhatu:
1. Sarudza chinangwa chako mutengi
2. Ziva kusadzingwa kwevanoda
3. Tsanangura kukosha kwako
4. Cherechedza yako Minimum Viable Product (MVP) sangano rakagadzirirwa
5. Ita yako MVP prototype
6. Edza MVP yako nevatengi
Nhanho 1: Sarudza chinangwa chako mutengi
Izvo zvose zvinotanga nevanotsvaga vatengi vanozopedzisira vachisarudza kuti zvakanaka sei chigadzirwa chako chinosangana nezvavanoda. Iwe unofanirwa kushandisa chikamu chemakethe kuti uwane zvakananga pamusoro pekuti ndiani anotarisa mutengi wako. Munhu ari nzira yakanakisisa yekutsanangurira chinangwa chako mutengi kuitira kuti munhu wese ari muboka rekugadzira anzwisise kuti ndiani wavanofanira kugadzira nekuvaka chigadzirwa.
Iwe unogona kunge usina tsanangudzo yakajeka yezvaunotarisira mutengi pakutanga: ndizvo zvakanaka. Iwe unongoda kutanga ne-high-level hypothesis uye wozvidzorera apo iwe unodzidza uye unotarisa.
Nhanho 2: Ziva kusadzingwa kwevanoda
Mushure mekugadzira pfungwa yako pamusoro pevatengi vako vanotsvaga, danho rinotevera nderekunzwisisa zvavanoda. Sezvaunoedza kugadzira kukosha kwevatengi, unoda kuziva zvidikanwi zvakasiyana zvinoenderana nemukana wakanaka wemusika.
Semuenzaniso, iwe unenge usingadi kupinda mumusika umo vatengi vanofara zvikuru nemhinduro dzakakosha dzinogadzirisa zvavanoda. Paunokura chigadzirwa chitsva kana kuvandudza chigadzirwa chiriko, iwe unoda kugadzirisa zvinodiwa nevatengi zvisingakwanisi kugadziriswa: zvavanoda "zvisina kukodzera". Vatengi vachatonga chigadzirwa chako maererano nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa, saka chiyero chechipiri icho icho chigadzirwa chako chinosangana nezvido zvavo chinoenderana nemakwikwi enyika.
Danho rechitatu: Tsanangura kukosha kwako
Kukosha kwekutsvaga yako chirongwa chako chekuti chigadzirwa chako chichasangana sei nevanotarisirwa nevashambadzi zviri nani kune zvimwe zvingashandiswa. Kunze kwezvose zvinogona kukwanisa mutengi zvinoda kuti chigadzirwa chako chigone kutarisana, ndezvipi iwe uchatarisa nacho nechigadzirwa chako? Steve Jobs akati, "Vanhu vanofunga zvinotarisirwa zvinoreva kuti hongu kune chinhu chaunofanira kufunga nezvazvo.
Asi hazvisi izvo zvinoreva zvachose. Zvinoreva kuti kwete kune mamwe zana zana mazano akanaka aripo. Iwe unofanirwa kusarudza zvakanaka. Ini ndiri kunyanya kuzvikudza pamusoro pezvinhu zvatisina kuita sezvinhu zvandaita. Innovation iri kutaura kwete kuzvinhu 1 000. "
Iwe unofanirwa kuona kuti chigadzirwa chako chichasiyana sei kubva pamakwikwi emakwikwi. Ko chigadzirwa chako chinopfuura sei vamwe? Ndezvipi zvakasiyana-siyana zvechigadzirwa chako chichafadza vatengi? Ichi ndicho chinangwa chekugadzirwa kwemagetsi.
Nhanho 4: Tsanangura MVP yako yakarongwa
Kana uchinge wakajeka pane zvaunofunga, iwe unofanirwa kutsanangura kuti basa rako rinoshandiswa rinogona kuiswa sei. Iwe hausi kuda kupedza nguva yakawandisa nekuedza kushingaira kurega kuti uwane gare gare kuti vatengi havadi chigadzirwa chamakavaka. Icho chinangwa cheMVP chinangwa chekuvaka izvo chete zvaunoda kuti uwane kukosha kwakakwana mumaziso evanhu vako vanotarirwa kuti vabatsire kusimbisa kuti uri kutungamira nenzira yakarurama. Vatengi vanogona kuguma vachikuudza kuti MVP yako haina chinhu chinokosha chekushanda. Kana vangakuudza kuti havangashandisi chimwe chinhu chawakasarudza kuisa muMVP yako. Chinangwa ndechokuitazve kusvikira wava neMVP iyo vatengi vanobvumirana inogona.
Danho 5: Ita yako MVP prototype
Kuti uongorore MVP yako mafungiro nevatengi, unoda kuvaratidza shanduro yemuiti wako kuitira kuti vakupe mhinduro pamusoro payo. Iwe uchada kushandisa user experience (UX) kugadzira kuti uise chinzvimbo chako chakaiswa kuhupenyu kune vatengi vako. Paunenge uchigona kuvaka shanduro yehupenyu, yekushanda yeMVP yako, inowanzokurumidza uye yakangwara kuumba mufananidzo weMVP. Chiratidziro chimiro chechigadzirwa chako chauri kusika kunze kwekuvaka chigadzirwa chako chaicho.
Zviratidzo zvinogona kusiyana nekuvimbika-kuenzana kwemashoko kwavanoita sekupedzisira kwekugadzira-uye kusagadzikana-chiyero iyo user angagona kuwirirana nemuenzaniso kana achienzaniswa nemugumo wekupedzisira. Chimwe chidimbu chemuoko chechigadzirwa chako (pamapepa kana chibhokisi) chaizova kutendeseka kwakadzika uye kuderera mukati. Nokuda kwekutengesa uye zvigadzirwa zvemashamba, mafirimu emasikirini-echokwadi uye kutendeseka kwakakwirira kunowanzoshandiswa.
Iwe unogona kushandisa sarudzo yepamusoro-kutendeseka kushambadzira kwemashizha emuiti wako / zvikwangwani kuti ugadzire clickable / tappable prototype. Zvishandiso zvekudzivirira (zvakadai seInVision) zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kutsanangura clickable / tappable nzvimbo dzakatsvaira uye uzvibatanidzire kune mamwe mapeji / zvikwangwani. Zviratidzo zvakadaro zvinowanzofananidza ruzivo rwevashandi rwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira nekutendeka kwakakwana uye kusagadzikana kuwana mhinduro inokosha kubva kune vatengi. Kurudzirwa inzira yakasimba yekutarisa usati wasvetuka.
Danho 6: Edzai MVP yenyu nevatengi
Kana uchinge wave wakagadzirira MVP yako, inguva yekuedza nayo nevatengi. Zvakakosha mune danho rino kuti uone kuti vanhu vamuri kukumbira mhinduro vari mumusika wako. Kana iwe usingaiti, iwe unotambura kugamuchira mhinduro dzevatengi dzinogona kukutumira iwe kudzoka nenzira isina kururama. Kuongorora-kutsvaga kwenguva pfupi kuitira kuti vatori vechikwata vatsvakurudzo vave nemafungiro evanotarirwa nevatengi-vanobatsira kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi. Iwe unoronga nguva yekutaura nemumwe mutengi we-on-one.
Panguva yekuedzwa kwevashandi iwe unoda kunyatsocherechedza izvo mutengi anotaura uye anoita sezvavanoshandisa mufananidzo. Unofanirwawo kubvunza kujekesa mibvunzo kana zvakakodzera kuwana ruzivo rwakadzika. Kubvunza mibvunzo unyanzvi hunokosha hwekuwana zvakakosha kubva kumashandisi ekushandisa. Mutevedzeri akanaka achadzivisa kubvunza mibvunzo yakadai seyo, "Izvozvo zvakanga zviri nyore, handizvo here?" Kuenzaniswa nemubvunzo usingatungamiri, mubvunzo unotungamirira unokanganisa mhinduro kubva kune mutengi. Mubvunzurudzo akanaka achadzivisawo kubvunza mibvunzo yakavharwa yakadai sokuti, "Unofarira izvozvo here?" Mibvunzo yakadaro inotumira hongu kana kwete chero mhinduro kubva kumunhu, iyo isingadzidzisi zvakawanda kudzidza. Pane kudaro, unofanirwa kubvunza mibvunzo yakasununguka yakadai se "Iwe unogona kundiudze iwe zvaunofunga nezveizvi?" Mibvunzo isingatungamiri, mibvunzo yakasununguka inopa vatengi mahara mumhinduro dzavo uyewo kuvakurudzira kuti vakuudze zvakawanda.
Zvakakosha kuitisa kuongorora kwevashandisi mumatche kana mazai. Mutsva wevashandi vashanu kusvika kusere unokonzera kuenzana kwakanaka pakati pezvishoma (uko iwe unotadza kusanganisa zvimwe zvinhu) uye zvizhinji (apo pane kudzokorora uye kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwekuwedzerwa kwekuwedzerwa kwedzidzo). Pakuguma kwemajeko, iwe unoda kutarisa kune dzimwe mhinduro dzawakagamuchira, zvose zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka. Iwe unoda kuziva mapepa ezvinyorwa zvakafanana kubva kune vatengi vakawanda uye kuisa pfungwa kune chero mhando dzevashandi dzawakabhura kuitira kuti udzigadzire.
Iterate to Product-Market Fit
The Lean Product Process is an iterative process. Mushure mokuongorora vatengesi mazano muchitsauko 6, munoda kudzorera maonero enyu kubva pane zvamakadzidza uye muchienda kune imwe danho rekare mukugadzirisa. Mhinduro yacho ichagadzirisa danho raunofanira kudzokera kune rinotevera. Kana iwe chete uchingoda kuvandudza uX yako design, iwe unogona kudzokera shure kune imwe nhanho 5. Asi kana iwe unofunga nezvehutano hwakagadziriswa, kukoshesa mazano, kusadzingwa kwevatengi vanoda, kana kutarisira vatengi vanoda kuchinja, zvino iwe unodzokera kune imwe danho rekutanga izvo zvinoda kudzokorora uye kupfuurira kubva ipapo.
Muchikamu chimwe nechimwe chinodzokorora kuburikidza nekugadzirisa, iwe uchagumisa kuongororazve MVP yako prototype, iyo yaunoyera zvakare nehutsva hutsva hwevatengi. Kubva pane imwe yedzidzo kune imwe inotevera, une tariro yekuona kuwedzerwa kwezvakanaka kubva kune vatengi uye kuderera kwezvakaipa zvisina kunaka. Unogona kuona kuti iwe haugone kuonekwa sekufambira mberi zvakanyanya pasinei nekuedza kutengesa kwakasiyana. Kana izvozvo zvikaitika, iwe unofanira kutora danho shure uye udzokezve maonero ako. Iwe unogona kugumisa kuti kuitira kuti uwane zvikwiriso zvakakwirira zvemuchengetedza-marikari zvakakodzera iwe unoda kuisa (shandura imwe kana kupfuura mamwe maonero ako makuru).
Zvakanaka, mushure mokudzokorora Izvo Zvimwe Zvichemo Zvokushandisa mamwe mazai, iwe unodzokera kune mifananidzo yeMVP iyo vatengi vasina mhinduro dzisina kunaka , funga zviri nyore kushandisa, uye uwane zvakakosha zvikuru. Panguva iyoyo, iwe wakagadzirisa pfungwa dzako huru uye wakagadzira chigadzirwa nemakiti emakiti akakodzera. Iwe unofanirwa kuenderera mberi nekutsvaga mari inotarisirwa kuvaka chigadzirwa. Kutevera izvi kunofanira kukupa chivimbo chakasimba chekuti paunotanga chigadzirwa chako, vatengi vanochishandisa uye vanozviwana zvichikosha.
The Lean Product Playbook naDan Olsen inopa mazano akajeka pamusoro pekushandisa mazano eLean Startup uye kubudirira pamisika. Dan Olsen ndiLean Startup uye mutungamiri wekugadzirisa michina, mukurukuri, uye munyori. Pamusoro peOlsen Solutions, Dhani inoshanda nevatungamiri veMDC uye vatungamiri vekutengesa kuti vabatsire kuvaka michero yakawanda uye yakasimba mashizha emitambo, kazhinji seVP Pimitengo yeChina. Akashanda nemakambani makuru uye maduku pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzewebhu uye zvigadzirwa zvemashamba. Vatengi veDan vanosanganisira Facebook, Bhokisi, Microsoft, Medallia, uye One Medical Group.