Dzidza Zvakawanda Pamusoro Pokuti Izvo Zuva Rokuparidzira O & O Rinoshandiswa Sei muMedia
O & O: Akawanikwa uye Akashandiswa Kutambiswa Mapikisi
Iyo huru yekutengeserana kwemaTV inoshambadzira - ABC, CBS, Fox, uye NBC - kufambisa mapurogiramu avo mumazana emahofisi munyika yose, asi ivo chete vane vashoma vasarudzwa.
Mumisika huru yevhidhiyo yakadai seNew York, Los Angeles, neChicago, mamanzura aya ane nzvimbo dzavo dzekugara. Kune ABC, izvo zvinoita kuti WABC kuNew York, KABC kuLos Angeles neWLS muChicago "O & O" zvivako, nokuti network inowona uye inoishanda nayo.
Kunze kwepamusoro-soro yemisika 25, huwandu hwezvivako zvepasi hazvisi zvemakambani, asi nemakambani akasiyana-siyana emasangano. Izvo zvivako zvinonzi nhare dzehutano nokuti dzakasungwa kune network kuburikidza nechibvumirano.
Makambani makuru emiterevhi akaita seGannett, Belo, Cox, uye Hearst zvivako zvaro izvo zvibatanidzwa zvehutachiona hwekuparadzira. Kakawanda, kambani imweyo ichava nekodhi reABC, CBS, Fox neNBC vanobatana kuitira kuti iwedzere ruzivo rwaro zvisinei nokuti mitambo ingave nhamba kana nhamba ina.
Dzimwe nguva, makambani ezvepevhizheni anosarudza kuchinja chiteshi kune imwe nzvimbo yekutengesa apo kambani yadzo yekubatana inoguma. Mumakore ekuma1990, Fox akavimbisa makambani akawanda kutamisa zviteshi zvavo kuenda kunhandare yayo, iyo yakaita kuti iwedzere kukosha kwayo kweNielsen yenyika.
Iyo Inopesana Sei Nevatsigiri
MuNorth America, inoshambadziri inoshandiswa inotaura kune vaparidzi vemunharaunda avo vane kambani imwe kunze kweiyo muridzi wehutano, senhare yehutano kana yekubatana. Vabatsiri vanogona kutakura zvimwe kana zvose zvekugadzirwa kweterevhizheni kana maredhiyo ehutaneti (O & O, kune rumwe rutivi, inotungamirirwa nemutambarakede wevabereki.)
Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti zvisingazivikanwi kunyange O & Os inogona kutumidzwa semubatanidzwa sezvo yakakurumbira kutarisa kune chero nzvimbo iyo inotakura imwe ruzivo rwepurogiramu sechibatanidzwa. Dzimwe nguva kunyange kutakura mapurogiramu akadaro mumusika wakatarwa kunotaurwa se "kuwirirana".
Mitemo uye Mitemo
Ndiyo Federal Communications Commission muUnited States iyo inogadzirisa nhamba yezvivako zvekunamatira uye ndeyevaya vanosiyiwa kuti vatakure mitambo yemagetsi kune dzimwe misika. O & Os inowanzova mumakwikiti makuru makuru emitambo (somuenzaniso, New York City neLos Angeles) asi kunyange magetsi makuru angave ane nhengo dzehutano panzvimbo yeO & Os.
Dzimwe nyika dzinotevera mitemo nemitemo yehurumende iyo inosvika kuO & Os. Semuenzaniso, Japan inotevera mitemo yakafanana yeUnited States, iyo iyo yeHurumende yeZvenyika neNyanisheni inogadzirisa nhamba yemaserevhizheni ezviterevhizheni ezvekutengeserana sehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemashamba emisika yepasi pose uye naizvozvo chete chete yemakona makuru makuru emitambo (Kantō, Keihanshin , Chūkyō, uye Fukuoka) vanowanzova neO & Os. Pane kuvimba kwakasimba kune avo vanobatana kutakura mapurogiramu avo mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepamatunhu.
Canada, kune rumwe rutivi, ine mitemo yakawanda yakajeka ine chokuita nehuwandu hwemasvikiro, ndicho chikonzero nzvimbo zhinji dzeterevhizheni (pasinei nehuwandu hwemashamba) ikozvino O & Os dzemakambani avo, neine vashomanana chete vechokwadi vanogara mumaduku maduku.