Nhoroondo yeZvivimbiso Mutemo
Mutemo wezvokuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwekutanga wakagadzirwa mukugadzirisa kune rimwe dambudziko rezvemari-dambudziko guru kwazvo rekuparara kwemusika muna 1929. Sechikamu che "New Deal" yaFranklin Delano Roosevelt, Congress yakagadza Securities Act ya1933 uye Securities Exchange Act muna 1934, iyo yakasimbisa Securities and Exchange Commission (iyo SEC).
Kusati kwa1933 na1934 Mabasa, mitemo yehurumende inodzora kuchengetedza mune izvo zvinozivikanwa se "mirau yebhuruu." Mitemo iyi yehurumende ichiri kushanda mune dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu umo kuchengetedza kunoramba kusingabvumirwi nemitemo ye federal.
Basa raJobho
Vatongi vematare vanomiririra vatengi vachiremekedza zvikwereti, mutengo wemari, zvisungo, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemari. Basa iri rinonyanya kugoverwa kuva zvitatu zvakakura-maitiro ekutengesa, tsika yekutonga uye kutonga .
Securities Transactions
Basa rekutengeserana rinosanganisira kugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvepamutemo zvepamutemo zvekutanga zvipo zvepachena, zvipo zvechipiri, zvibatanidzwa uye zvekuwana uye kutengeswa kwega pega chekuchengetedza. Zvinyorwa zvezvikwata kana zvimwe zvivimbiso zvinoshandiswa kubhadhara mabhizimusi munyika yose. Vatengesi vezvematongerwo enyika vanoita izvi mabasa panzvimbo yevashandi vavo, kubva kune makambani makuru kusvika kune vamwe varimi. Vashandi vezvivimbiso vanowanzoshanda pamwe nevanyori vemitero mukugadzirisa izvi kutengesa.
Mitemo yeZvimbiso
Kunyange zvazvo vatengesi vezvekutengesa vanoratidzira mukubwinya kwe "chibvumirano," chimiro chekutonga chemuitiro unochengetedza kuvimbika kwekutengesa. Pamwoyo mavo, Mutemo we1933 unovimbisa kubudiswa kwemashoko anokosha emari. Inyanzvi dzinonyanya kugadzirisa basa rekutungamirira dzinobvumira makambani, nevamwe vanhu, kuzivisa mashoko akakodzera panguva yakakodzera.
Iyi mitemo inomanikidzwa kwete kwete SEC chete, asiwo mamwe masangano ehurumende, kusanganisira eHhovisi reChinyorwa cheDhipatimendi, National Association of Vatengesi Vepfumi, New York Stock Exchange uye NASDAQ. Vane vimbiso vezvematongerwo enyika vanowanzovimba nevakuru vemapato kuti vabatsire mukuisa mapepa akawandisa anobatanidzwa mubasa rekutonga.
Securities Litigation
Kana makambani achishanda nemafungiro emitemo, zvivimbiso zvekutengesa zvinobva zvava pakati pevatambi. Nheyo dzekutengesa dzinoshanda mune zvose zvehurumende uye dzezvemhosva , sezvo dzinopikisa zvigaro zvehurumende pamwe nehurumende kana zvekuita zvekuita zvekuita. Semuenzaniso, vheti vemukoti vangave vanomiririra vashandi vekambani mumatongerwo emhosva ekuchengetedzwa kwemahofisi nevatungamiri vehurumende, kana kuti vanogona kubatsira vateereri munhau dzine chokuita nekuputsa kwemashoko eS SEC.
Dzidzo uye Unyanzvi
Dzidzo yepamutemo ndeyechokwadi, inokosha, kuva muchengeti wechengetedzo. Kunyange zvazvo chirongwa cheJuris Doctorate chichidiwa, ruzivo rwezvemari kana ruchengetedzo runewo chinhu chakakosha mukugadziriswa kwegweta rekuchengetedza. Mukuwedzera pakuva neunyanzvi hwekunyora hwakanakisisa, vambisi vezvekuchengetedza vanofanira kunge vachikwanisa kuverenga uye kunzwisisa nheyo dzemari.