Nzvimbo yepasi pose, kana GPS sezvinozivikanwa, ndiyo inokosha inoshandiswa pakufambisa kwemazuva ano, uye chikamu chakakosha cherongwa hwe FAA's NextGen.
Nhamba yeGPS inobvumira vatyairi vechikwata kuti vawane zvakananga nhatu-dimensional kana kuti mana-dimensional data data. Iyo GPS inoshandisa katatu kutarisa nzvimbo chaiyo yendege, pamwe nekukurumidzira, kufamba, kure kana kubva pane zvitsva, uye nguva.
Nhoroondo yeGPS
Hondo yeUnited States yakatanga kushandisa GPS senzira yekufamba nayo muma1970. Muma1980, hurumende yeUnited States yakaita kuti GPS inowanikwa kuvanhu vose, pasina mari, pamwe chete nekubatwa: A special mode, inonzi Selective Availability, yaizobvumirwa kukanganisa chinangwa chechokwadi cheG GPS yevashandi vehurumende, kuchengetedza chete zvakanyanya kunyatsojeka version ye GPS yeuto.
Muna 2000, pasi peCallinton administration, kusarudzwa kusarudzwa kwakavharwa, uye kururamisa kwakafanana kwekuti mauto akanga abatsirwa kubva kwaive akawanikwa kuvanhu vose.
GPS Components
Iyo GPS ine zvinhu zvitatu: Chikamu chepakati, chengetedza chikamu, uye zvikamu zvevashandisi.
Chikamu chechikamu chinosanganisira anenge 31 GPS satellites. IUnited States Air Force inoshanda idzi satelliti makumi matatu, pamwe chete neshatu kusvika kune ina dzakagadziriswa satelliti dzinogona kugadziriswa kana zvichidikanwa. Penguva ipi neipi, zvishoma zvese makumi maviri nemaviri maseretetiti anoshandiswa mune imwe nzira yakagadzirirwa, kuve nechokwadi kuti ma satellite mana ari maonero panguva imwe chete kubva kunenge chero ipi zvayo pasi pano.
Kuparidzirwa kwakakwana kwema satelliti kunopa kuita kuti GPS system ndiyo yakatendeseka yekufamba kwemagetsi mumazuva ano.
Chikamu chekutonga chinoumbwa nemakwikwi ezvivako zvepasi zvinoshandiswa kududzira nekudzorera zviratidzo zvepaetaneti kune vakasiyana-siyana vanogamuchira. Zvivako zvepasi pano zvinosanganisira nzvimbo yekudzivirira masitadhi, imwe nzvimbo yekuchengetedza nzvimbo, nzvimbo gumi nemaviri uye nzvimbo 16 dzokuongorora.
Chikamu chevashandisi chegadziriro yeG GPS chinosanganisira vakagamuchira vakasiyana-siyana kubva kumarudzi ose akasiyana emabhizimisi. Kuchengetedzwa kwenyika, hurimi, nzvimbo, kuongorora, uye mapepa yose mienzaniso yevashandi vekupedzisira mu GPS system. Muchidimbu, mutengi ariwo mutyairi, uyo anoona nhamba dze GPS paanoratidzwa mujongwe re ndege.
Iyo inoshanda sei
GPS satellites orbit anenge makiromita 12 000 pamusoro pedu, uye kupedza rimwe orbit kwemaawa gumi nemaviri. Iyo inonzi solar powered, inobhururuka mukati-kati Pevhu inotenderera uye inoparidzira zviratidzo zveredhiyo kune vanotora pasi.
Zvivako zvepasi zvinoshandisa zviratidzo kuti zvitarise uye zvichengetedze satellites, uye zvivako izvi zvinopa tenzi wekutonga nzvimbo (MCS) nedata. Iyo MCS inobva igovera nheyo chaiyo yemamiriro ema satellites.
Munhu anogamuchira mu ndege anogamuchira dhiyabhorosi kubva kumaawa ekutengesa maateteni. Iyo inofanidza nguva inotora kuti chiratidzo chive kubva kune satellite kusvika kune yakagamuchira, uye inotarisa chikamu chinoenderana nenguva iyoyo yakarurama uye chaiyo. GPS kugamuchira zvinoshandisa triangulation - yakabva pane matatu satellites - kuti ione yakananga maviri-dimensional nzvimbo. Neine ma satellite mana maonero uye maitiro, nhatu-dimensional data data inogona kuwanikwa.
GPS Zvikanganiso
Ionosphere kupindira: chiratidzo chinobva kuma satellite chinoderera zvishoma nezvishoma sezvo ichipfuura nepasi pemhepo.
GPS yekodhidhiyo inokonzera kukanganisa uku kuburikidza nokutora nguva yakawandisa nguva, izvo zvinoreva kuti kukanganisa kuchiripo asi kunogumira.
- Clock error: Nguva yekugamuchira GPS inogona kunge isiri yakarurama seawa yeatomu pa satellite GPS, zvichiumba dambudziko rakajeka chaizvo.
- Nzira yekutadza: Maverengero eOrbit anogona kunge asina kururama, achiita kuti munhu asanzwisisike pakugadzirisa nzvimbo chaiyo ye sataneti.
- Position error: GPS zviratidzo zvinogona kukonzera kunze kwezvivako, nzvimbo, uye kunyange kupesana kwegetsi kunogona kuitika. GPS zviratidzo zvinongowanikwa apo mupiki anogona "kuona" satellite, kureva kuti data ichashaikwa kana isina kururama pakati pezvivako zvirefu, nzvimbo yakaoma, uye pasi pevhu.
Kushandisa Kushandisa GPS
GPS inowanzoshandiswa mumakwikwi ezuva ano sechinhu chinobva munzvimbo yekufamba . Anenge nendege dzose dzakavakwa nhasi dzinouya nechina chechina chinoshandiswa semidziyo yakazara.
Zvose zvekufambisa ndege, bhizimisi reviation, uye magetsi ekutengesera ndege vose vakawana kushandiswa kwakakosha kweGPS.
Kubvira pakushambadzira kwepamusoro uye nharaunda yepamusoro kune airspeed, tracking uye nzvimbo dzepamusoro pezvikepe, GPS ndiyo chimbo chinokosha cheva aviator.
Akaisa mapurisa eGoogle anogona kubvumidzwa kushandiswa muImC uye kune dzimwe ndege dze IFR . Vafambisi vezvikepe vanoona kuti GPS inobatsira zvakanyanya mukuchengetedza maitiro ekuziva uye kubhururuka kwesimbi nzira yekuita. Zvikwata zvekuchengetedza zvinyorwa, zvisingabvumirwi kushandiswa kweFRR, zvinogona kunge zvichibatsira kutsigirwa kwezvinhu zvisingakanganisi, pamwe chete nechigadzirwa chakakosha chekuchengetedza mamiriro ezvinhu mumamiriro ezvinhu chero ipi zvayo.
Vashandi vanofambisa VFR vanoshandisawo GPS senzira yekufamba nayo uye kumashure-tsika kumadzitateguru evanhu uye mitemo yekufa.
Vose vanofambisa ndege vanogona kunzwisisa nhamba yeGPS mumamiriro ezvinhu epamusoro, sezvo dhesiyo ichavabvumira kutsvaga hoyo yendege, kuverenga nguva iri munzira, mafuta mukati, nguva yekuvira kwezuva nekubuda kwezuva, nezvimwe, zvizhinji.
Kunyanya munguva pfupi yapfuura, FAA yakagonesa nzira yeWAS GPS yekugadzira nzira, kuunza nzira yakarurama yevatariri vengaravheti nenzira yeAnolizer Performance ne Vertical Guidance (LPV) . Iyi ndiyo nzira yakarurama ichaita kuti nyika yehurumende yakasununguka yakave yakanyatsoshanda uye inobatsira mukushuva zvido zvehurumende yenyika yehurumende munguva yemberi.