Iyi kuparara kwemhepo kunofanira kuva senyevero kune vanofambisa ndege kune dzimwe nzvimbo pamusoro pezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira nzira dzokuenda, dambudziko rekubhururuka usiku , kutaridzirwa kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo , VFR / IFR zvibvumirano, uye nhengo dzevashandi vebasa rekuvhara nekupa mazano pamusoro pe kutiza.
Maererano nemushumo weNTSB wehutsotsi, ndege dzeWayker Siddeley DH.125-1A / 52 (imwe yekare yeHaveker 800) dzakapinda mugomo mushure mekutora kubva kuBlack Field Municipal Airport musi waMarch 16, 1991. Vatyairi vengarava nevane vasere vari mubhokisi vakaurayiwa, kusanganisira vanomwe vemapoka ehurumende uye maneja wenyika inonzi superstar Reba McEntire band. McEntire, pamwe nemurume wake, uyo aivawo mutariri wake, akanga asarudza kupedza usiku muSan Diego asati abhururuka kunze mangwanani anotevera.
Kubhururuka kwaifanira kushandiswa purogiramu yezvigadzirwa zvebhuku kubva kuBlack Field, iri kunze kweSain Diego yeA class B airspace , kuA Amarillo, Texas, iyo yaizoshanda semoto mafuta asati aenderera mberi.
Zvinonzwisisika, mutyairi wacho akataura nevanoshanyira basa rekuvhara ndege kwete kamwe chete asi katatu mukuedza kuziva nzira yekuenda nayo ndege.
Panguva yekukurukurirana kwekutanga nemudzidzisi webasa remhepo, mutyairi wacho akaisa chirongwa chokufambisa IFR. Yakanga iri nguva ye11: 20 masikati nenguva yenguva, uye mutyairi wacho akabvunza nezvekubva kune imwe nzvimbo yendege pasi peVFR uye kutora chibvumirano chake che IFR kana paine ndege.
Briefer akakumbira mutyairi wacho kana aiziva nzira yekuenda, uye mutyairi wacho akati, "Aiwa, kwete chaizvo." Mutariri webasa rekufamba ndege akaedza kutarisa matanho ekubuda kuitira kuti adzorere mashoko kune mutyairi, uye ipapo yakanga iri kuvhiringidzika pamusoro penzvimbo yekuwana nzira. Haasi mutyairi kana mubvunzo wakakwanisa kuwana iwo nekukurumidza. Mufambisi wekupedzisira akafunga kuti aizotarisa nzira iyo nzira dzekutora pachake.
Pakazosvika 11:53 pm mutyairi wechipurisa akadana chiremba webasa rekuvhara zvakare uye akaudza kuti akanga asingakwanisi kuwana mhando yemhando yekubuda nzira inotaurwa nezvake neyanyanzvi. Panguva yekukurukurirana, yakakurukurwa kuti SID yaive iri mu STAR (mahara akazara ekupedzisira) chikamu chebhuku rekugadzirisa bhuku, uye nzira dzakaratidzwa kune mutyairi. Mutyairi wacho akati izvi ndizvo zvaaida uye foni yakaguma.
Dhidhiro yechitatu yakagadzirwa kuchiteshi chekuendesa ndege pa12: 28 mangwanani nemutyairi, uye panguva ino mutyairi wacho akabvunza kushandiswa kwekufambisa IFR kuenda kunzvimbo yeClass B airspace. Mutyairi wechirwere aiziva kuti kuburikidza nekushandisa chidimbu chechimbo chekubuda nzira seVFR pilot, aigona kunge ari muClass B airpace asati agamuchira chibvumirano chake, icho chaizova chakaoma sezvo chibvumirano chinodiwa kupinda muchikoro cheB.
Munguva yekudanidzira kwekupedzisira, mutyairi wacho akabvunza nyanzvi pamusoro peiyo nzira, achimuyeuchidza kuti iye anoronga kuenda VFR uye anoratidza kuti anofanira kunge achingoenda kumadokero kwakadziva kumabvazuva uye kugara VFR pasi pemamita 3 000. Icho chinonyunyuta chakabvumirana, chichiti "Hongu, chokwadi, izvo zvichava zvakanaka."
Hazvinawo nyanzvi yemushandi wekuvhara ndege kana mutyairi wechirwere akafunga nezvekukwira kwemaodzanyemba kwechokufambisa ndege, uye hapana kana mumwe wavo akacherechedza kuti nzvimbo shoma yepamusoro yepamusoro (MSA) kumabvazuva kwemauto emhepo, nenzira yekuenda, yaiva mamita 7 600 - pamusoro pepamusoro pe 3,000-foot-altitude iyo mutyairi waro akasarudza kubhururuka. I-VFR yepamusoro yakakwirira yakachengeteka yeimwe nzvimbo yaiva 6,900 mamita.
Mutyairi wacho akabva Runway 8 paBruwn Field pa1: 41 mangwanani. Mamiriro okunze pane imwe ndege yendege yakanzi yakajeka, kuonekwa kwaiva makiromita anenge gumi, uye mhepo yakanyarara.
Zvapupu zvakashuma kuti makore angangodaro akanga ari pedyo nemakiromita 4 000 pedo nenzvimbo yengozi. Kwemaminitsi mashomanana mushure mekutora, ndege yacho yakasangana nenzvimbo yekudzora nzira yekukumbira kubvumirwa kwake IFR uye yakaudzwa kuti chibvumirano chake chakanga chakavhara kunze, asi kumira uye mutungamiriri aizoiisa zvakare muhurongwa. Ndege yakaputika muSani Isidro Makomo pakakwirira mamita mazana matatu nguva pfupi mushure mekugoverwa kecawk code ne ATC. Nhamba yepamusoro yegomo iri, maererano neVFR, iyo inogara kusvika anenge 3,550 mamita.
Maererano nevatsvakurudzi, mapapiro egege akarova pamusoro pegomo, uye yakarongedza kazhinji, ichiparadzira wreckage pane nzvimbo yakawanda. Nhoroondo yeNTSB yakawana kuti chikonzero chinokonzera njodzi yacho ndeichi: "Kusaruramisira kwakashata / chisarudzo chemufambisi, kukanganisa kwevatyairi kuti varambe vachikwirira zvakakwana uye kubvumirwa kune nzvimbo dzine makomo, uye kukanganisa kwomunyori wacho kutarisa zvakakwana kufambira mberi kwendiza. Zviitiko zvakabatana nenjodzi dzaiva: mazano asina nzvimbo yepasi anopiwa nevanoshanyira basa rekufambisa ndege panguva yekufambisa mberi preflight mushure mekunge mutyairi akabvunza nezvekudzika kwemaodzanyemba, rima, nzvimbo dzomumakomo, zvose zvekushayikwa kwechikwata chekuziva nzvimbo iyo nzvimbo, kufanana nendege. "
Iyi njodzi ndeyekuyeuchidza kuti vatyairi vese vave vakangwarira pavanenge vachibva VFR kana IFR usiku, kunyanya mundima isingazivikanwi. Kudai vatyairi vengarava vakatora nguva yekuwana chibvumirano che IFR pasi, kana kutora kanguva kuti vatarise huwandu hwemagariro ehupamhi (MSA) pamusangano we IFR kana kuti kubva pakashati kana chati yeVFR ingave yakaponesa hupenyu husiku ihwohwo husiku.
Mushure mokunge njodzi yacho, vatsvakurudzi vakabvunzurudza munofambisa ndege yacho kuti vaedze kunzwisisa kuti nei vafambisi vengarava vasina kuziva nzvimbo yakapoteredza, kunyange mushure mokunge vatiza kuenda kunhandare yepamhepo masikati. Maererano nemashoko aya kubva kuFlightsafety.org, vatsvakurudzi vakakumbira muridzi weDuncan Aircraft Sales, uyo aishanda ndege, kana vafambisi vezvikwata vaine VFR zvinyorwa zvemashoko nazvo. Mhinduro yacho, zvichida isingashamisi, zvichida imiririre yekusagadzikana kwekuchengetedza tsika: "Ichi chikafu chisina kukodzera, hatina vFR chati."