Haisi chakavanzika chokuti kuteerera kumirairo chikamu chikuru chekuva muuto. Asi kana iwe uchifunga nezvekubatana, iwe unoda kuita imwe yekutsvaga mweya-uye nokusingaperi mushure mekunge, iwe ukanyora-kuti uve nechokwadi kuti unogona kutarisana ne nuanced njodzi dzorudzi urwu rwehutano hwebasa.
Chokwadi chinosuruvarisa ndechokuti kutsvakurudza kwepfungwa kunoratidza kuti ushingi hwedu hwemunhu hwakanyanya kunyanya kudarika zvatinofunga (uye isu tinoda chaizvo kuzvifunga isu pachedu, zvisinei neuchapupu.) Inowanikwa zvakanyanya apo tsika dzedu dzinopesana nemifananidzo yehukuru .
Mitemo yehondo nekuzvimirira pachake kunze, zvinotora ruzivo rwakanaka rwekare rwekuti iwe kupfuura nematambudziko akadaro.
Zvisiri pamutemo kuteerera
Kubva pazuva rimwe chete, kutora mauto hakusi kungodzidziswa kukosha kwekuteerera kwekungoita kumirairo - ivo vanogadziriswa kuburikidza nehutsinye, nekukurumidza, uye zvakanyanya kutungamirirwa kwekambani yebhoti . Pfungwa iyi ndeyekuita kuti vanhu vatsva vaende kune pfungwa yekutevera mutungamiri kuenda kugehena uye kumashure: Vanhu pavanenge vachifa vachikomberedza iwe uye lieutenant wako anokuudza kuti "Tora chikomo ichocho!" hazviiti zvakakunakira kuva neboka rekunyatsoziva-zvose-zvinopindura ne, "Sei tisingaregi pano uye tauya nepfungwa yakanaka?"
Asi sevanhu, takafanirwa kugamuchira zvidzidzo zvakaoma zvekuteerera kusingafungi kwakashata. Nuremberg kudzivirira ndiyo muenzaniso wekare wekuti nei "kutevera mirairo" isiri chikonzero chisingagamuchirwi chezviito zvekutadza tsika, asi yakanga isiri yekupedzisira - uye yakanga isiri nguva dzose muvengi weUnited States kuzvidzora ivo pachavo.
Muhurukuro yake "Mirairo Yemauto: Kuteerera Kana Kusateerera?" Ropa Simba rinopa huwandu hwehupfumi hwemhosva dzezviitiko apo mauto eUnited States airangwa nekuda kwekuraira kwemutemo. Pakati pezviitiko zvakakurumbira zvinozivikanwa ndezvekuti "dare-nehondo (uye chikonzero chekuponda kwepamberi) wekutanga Lieutenant William Calley nokuda kwake muchikamu cheMai Changu" uye kushungurudza kunotyisa kwejeri raAb Abu Ghraib muIraq nemauto "akati kutevera mirairo yevakuru vakuru vezvemagetsi. "
Kuti kuderedze utsotsi hwakadaro, chikamu chekambani yekudzidzira dzidzo inosanganisira kudzidziswa pamitemo yekufambisa nemitemo yehondo . Nyaya inokosha ndeyekuyeuchidza kugadziriswa kuti ndeye "vakomana vakanaka": Ivai nemaitiro akanaka ekutonga mutsika uye murege kutevera mirairo iyo zviri pachena zvisiri pamutemo, sekuuraya vanhu vasina mhosva, kupamba, kana kushungurudza vasungwa. Asi izvo zviri nyore here?
Social Psychology
Pandakadzokera kuchikoro mushure mekushanya kwangu kwechipiri muIraq, ndakapinda mune zvidzidzo zvepfungwa kwenguva yakati. Dzidzo yakandibata zvikuru yakanyanya kufanana nehupfumi hwepabonde, iyo inongoratidzira kukanganisa kwemapoka uye sangano pamafungiro nemaitiro. (Iko kazhinji, kunyange kwete nguva dzose, inoita seyo yekudzidza kuti vanhu vanotyisa vangagona sei muzvizhinji.)
Handina kumboona kurwa kwakananga muIraq, asi ini ndakanga ndichiri kunzwa dumbu rangu richidzoka sezvatakadzidza maitiro maviri anokosha zvikuru munhoroondo yehupfumi hwepabonde: The Milgram Obedience Experiment uye Stanford Prison Experiment. Izvi zvidzidzo zviviri zvakatsigira zvakasimba pfungwa iyo inokonzera zvakadai semasimba akaonekwa, nzvimbo, uye inogoverwa mabasa evanhu vanogona (kazhinji kazhinji nyore) kukunda pfungwa yakanaka yega uye kutungamirira kuhutano hwezviito zveupombwe. Mukuwedzera pamigumisiro yavo yakajeka, zviito zvehupombwe zvinogona kuva nemagariro anokanganisa mupfungwa kune munhu anozviita.
Nokuti, pasinei neuchapupu hwechinangwa hunopiwa nehutano hwemagariro evanhu, tine chimiro chechisikigo, kuzvidzivirira kuzvitenda kuti isu tiri vanhu vakanaka. Endai mberi uye muuye neimba yakazara yevadzidzi nemashoko ekudzidza kweMilgram. Vabvunze kana vaizoita, pamunokurumidza kukumbidza murume akaremara mubasa rinoputira, ramba richiendesa kushungurudzwa kune munhu asingaoneki vangave vangobva vapa chirwere chemwoyo. Vakawanda vacharamba vachitenda ivo pachavo vasina kukwanisa kuita chiito chakadai: "Ndiri munhu akanaka."
Nyaya, nhamo, haiburuki kune zvakanaka kana zvakaipa, asi kuti tinzwisise isu nemamiriro edu evanhu. Kuteerera mutemo usingabvumirwe nomutemo - kana kunyange imwe chete yaunowana iwe pachako kunetseka - haisi mufambiro wakavimbiswa, asi isu tose tinonzwisisa kuti kusangana kwevanhu munzanga kunowanzova nesimba kudarika tsika dzedu dzinoziva, kunyanya mukupisa kwechinguvana.
Chimbofunga Zvawaizoita
Vamwe vanhu vanobatana neuto vangasazofanira kutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekudengenyeka kwepfungwa seMay Lai kana Abu Ghraib. Asi dzimwe nguva, iro ndiro bhora redu. Ndokusaka zvakakosha, usati waverenga, kutanga uongorore kuti unoziva sei iwe pachako.
Kusvikira nhasi, ndinoshuva mukana wekushandisa vamwe zvisina kunaka kana simba rangu pamusoro pavo (uye kuva mukoti wamangwana, kutarisira vanhu pane avo vasina simba, ini ndine mikana yakawanda.) Asi pane imwe nguva, kunyange ndisina kumboona kurwisana kwakananga, ndakaona uye ndakabvumira kushandura mafambiro ekuti, kunyange zvazvo kwete technically aine mhosva, zvechokwadi akandichengeta usiku usiku kwechinguva.
Zvakatora makore mashomanana kuti ndipinde mukuderera mumanzwiro angu akaipa pamusoro pezviitiko izvi nguva dzose apo ndakanga ndava nedoro shomanana. Uye handinyadziswi nebasa rangu rose muuto nekuda kwezviitiko izvi. Ndinongovaendesa kuti ndienzanise pfungwa yangu: Usati watanga basa rinoda kuti iwe ufambe mutsetse wakanaka pakati pokuti uri mutambi wemutambo akanaka uye uchiita mutemo wega wega mutsika - kazhinji pakunetseka zvakanyanya, kana zvichikosha - funga kuti uri ani , uye zvaunoda kuita.
Zvadaro ramba uchichifunga zuva rega rega, kunyange iwe ukasarudza kusanyora. Isu tose tine simba rakawanda rekuipa sezvakanaka kana rinonyanya kukosha, uye kazhinji kacho chete chisarudzo chekutonga kwedu kuzviziva isu.