Nheyo dzeUnited States Masoja (Mapazi ose)
Sangano redu remauto ehurumende ndeye chikonzero cheNational Security Act muna 1947. Ichi ndicho chiito chimwechete chakasimbisa United States Air Force, uye chakagadziriswa "Dhipatimendi rehondo" mu "Dhipatimendi reZviviri."
Dhipatimendi reZviviri
Dhipatimendi reZviviri rinotungamirirwa nechisarudzo; Munyori weZviviri, uyo akasarudzwa neMutungamiriri weUnited States uye akatenderwa neSeneti.
Pasi peMunyori weZviviri, kune mauto matatu ehondo: Dhipatimendi reMasoja, Dhipatimendi reMweya, uye Dhipatimendi reNavy. Rimwe nerimwe rematare ehondo rinotungamirirwawo nevashoma; Munyori weHondo, Munyori weHome Force, uye Munyori weNavy. Aya "vanyori vebasa" anosarudzwawo neMutungamiri.
Iko kune matavi mashanu ehondo: Simba, Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, uye Coast Guard. Hondo inorayirwa nevakuru venyeredzi vana, vanozivikanwa seMhare Chief of Staff. Vakuru veMutungamiriri weVashandi vanyorera kuna Munyori weHondo (pane zvakawanda). Mutungamiri wepamusoro muuto reMweya Force ndiye Air Force Chief of Staff. Iyi nyanzvi yechina-nyanzvi inoshuma (nokuda kwezvinhu zvakawanda) kuMunyori weMweya. Iyo Navy inorayirwa neyamiriral mana-nyeredzi, inonzi Chief of Naval Operations. Marines anorayirwa nemukuru wechina-nyanzvi anonzi Commandant of the Marine Corps .
Vose vari Mutungamiri weKushandiswa Kwemvura uye mushumo weMarine Corps Commandant (nokuda kwezvinhu zvakawanda) kune Munyori weNavy. Saka hongu, Marine Corps inonyanya kuve chikamu cheNavy.
Aya mana " mapurisa ehurumende " anoitawo boka rinonzi Joint Chiefs of Staff (JSC). Vatungamiri veZvashandi veVashandi vanosanganisira vana Vatongi veMabasa, Vachigaro vema Joint Chiefs of Staff, uye Sachigaro weVa Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Sachigaro anosarudzwa neMutungamiri wehurumende uye anobvumirwa neSeneate (sevamwe mahofisi ehurumende uye mapurisa). Pamusoro pekushanda kwezvinhu (zvakadai sehondo kana kukakavara), JCS in-inodarika vanyori vebasa rega ega uye inoparidzira zvakananga kuMunyori weZviviri uye Mutungamiri.
Basa reMatavi mashanu eMasoja
Mauto
IUnited States Army ndiyo simba guru-reUnited States. Basa reHurumende guru nderokudzivirira nekuchengetedza United States (uye zvido zvayo) nenzira yevarwi vepasi, zvombo (matangi), zvombo zvehondo, kurwisa helicopter, zvombo zvezvombo zvenyukireya, nezvimwe. Hondo ndiyo yekare yeHondo yeUnited States, yakasimbiswa neIt Continental Congress musi waJune 14, 1775. Hondo ndiyowo huru yeUnited Military Service. Hondo inotsigirwa neZvondo Dzemaviri dzinogona kuendeswa kune vadzidzisi vakadzidziswa nemichina panguva dzezvinodiwa: The Army Reserves, uye Army National Guard. Chinokosha chikuru pakati pezviviri ndechekuti Reserves "inowanikwa" uye inotungamirirwa nehurumende yehurumende, uye humwe humwe hu "huri" huri huri National Guard. Zvisinei, Mutungamiri weUnited States kana Munyori weHurumende anokwanisa "kushandura" hurumende National Guard nhengo muHurumende yebasa rechiuto munguva dzekuda.
Kushanda kushanda kwevanhu: 471,000.
Mauto emuchadenga
Air Force ndiyo inonyanya kushanda muchiuto. Gore ra1947 risati rasvika, Air Force yaiva yakasiyana Corps of the Army. Basa guru re Army Air Corps raiva kutsigira mauto evhu pasi. Zvisinei, Hondo Yenyika II yakaratidza kuti simba remhepo rakanga rine simba rakawanda pane kungotsigira mauto pasi, saka Air Force yakasimbiswa sekushumira kwakasiyana. Basa guru reMhepo yeHurumende nderokudzivirira United States (uye zvarinoda) kuburikidza nokushandiswa kwemhepo uye nzvimbo. Kuti azadzise basa iri, Air Force inoshandisa ndege yehondo, ndege yemotokari, ndege huru uye ine simba bhobhoti, ndege dzekutakura, uye helikopta (izvo zvinoshandiswa kunyanya kununura ndege dzakadzika pasi, uye mamwe mabasa emabasa). Air Force inotarisirawo ma satellite emasoja uye kutonga zvese zvese zveShoko remagetsi ezvombo zvenyukireya.
Kufanana neHondo, basa rinoshanda re Air Force rinowedzera neA Air Force Reserves , uye Air National Guard . Kushanda kushanda kwevanhu: 322,000.
Navy
Kufanana neHondo, iyo Navy yakasimbiswa nemaitiro neI Continental Congress muna 1775. Basa rekutanga reNavy ndiro kuchengetedza rusununguko rwemakungwa. Iyo Navy inoita kuti zvive nyore kuti United States ishandise makungwa apo uye apo zvido zvedu zvenyika zvinoda izvozvo. Mukuwedzera, munguva dzekukakavara, Navy inobatsira kuwedzera simba reMhepo yeHurumende. Navy ndege dzinotakura zvingawanzoenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzisina kugadziriswa. Anofamba ndege anowanzoendesa ndege dzinenge 80. Vazhinji vavo ndivo varwi kana varwi-mabhomba. Uyezve, ngarava dzeNavy dzinogona kurwisa nyika dzakatarisa kubva kumakiromita kure (dzine zvombo zvinorema), uye zvombo zvinofamba. Navy submarines (kukurumidza kurwisa uye ballistic missile subs) inobvumira kuuraya kwevavengi vedu kubva kumhenderekedzo dzavo. Iyo Navy inonyanya kutarisirwa kutakura Marines kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenharo. Basa rinoshanda reNavy rine ma 54,000 mahofisi, uye 324 000 vakashanda. Iyo Navy inotsigirwa munguva dzenhamo neNavy Reserves. Zvisinei, kusiyana neHondo uye Air Force, hakuna Naval National Guard (kunyange zvazvo mashoma masangano akaisa "Naval Militias.")
Kubasa kushanda kwevanhu: 324,000
Marine Corps
Marines inonyanya kushandiswa mumasimba. Mune mamwe mazwi, kunyanya kukosha kwavo kukurwisa, kutora, uye kutonga "makungwa emhenderekedzo," iyo inobva yopa nzira yekurwisa muvengi kubva munharaunda ipi zvayo. VaMarines vakagadzwa pamutemo musi wa10 November 1775 neIt Continental Congress kuti vashandise simba rekuuya kweUnited States Navy. Muna 1798, zvisinei, Congress yakasimbisa Marine Corps semusangano wakasiyana. Kunyange zvazvo kushanda kwemasimba kunonyanya kukosha, mumakore achangobva kupfuura, Marines akawedzera dzimwe nzvimbo-kurwisana, pamwe chete. VaMarines vanowanzova "simba" rekuenzanisa kana vachienzaniswa neHondo, saka vanogona kuendeswa nokukurumidza (kunyange zvazvo Hondo iri kuwedzera hukuru mu "kukurumidza kukurumidza" mumakore mashoma apfuura). Kuhondo yekuita, Marines anoda kunge anozvigadzirira zvakakwana sezvinobvira saka ivo vanewo simba ravo remhepo, rinosanganisira kunyanya kurwisana uye kurwisana / bhomba ndege uye kurwisa helicopter. Kunyange zvakadaro, maMarines anoshandisa iyo Navy nokuda kwehuwandu hwehutano hwavo nehutungamiri hwehutungamiri. Somuenzaniso, hapana vanachiremba, vanachiremba, kana kuti vanoverengera madhigiri muMarine Corps. Kunyange mishonga inofambidzana neMarines muhondo ndiyo yakanyatsodzidziswa inyanzvi yeMavy.
Kushanda kwevanhu vakawanda: 184,000
Zvose 2017 Vagari: 1.4 mamiriyoni anoshandisa basa, Navy, Air Force, Marines
Coast Guard
IUnited States Coast Guard yakatanga kusimbwa seRevenue Cutter Service muna 1790. Muna 1915, yakashandurwa seUnited States Coast Guard , pasi peDhipatimendi reMari. Muna 1967, Coast Guard yakaendeswa kuDhipatimendi rekutakura. Mutemo wakapfuura muna 2002 wakapfuurira kuWatch Guard kuDhipatimendi reHumeland Security. Munguva yorugare, Coast Guard inonyanya kunetseka nekuchengetedzwa kwemitemo, kubhururuka kwechikepe, kuponeswa kwegungwa, uye kusina kutenderwa kutamira kune dzimwe nyika. Zvisinei, Mutungamiri weUnited States anogona kutora chikamu kana yese yeCôte Guard kune Dhipatimendi reNavy munguva dzekupesana. IWatch Guard ine zvikepe, zvikepe, ndege uye zviteshi zvegungwa zvinotungamirira zvakasiyana-siyana zvemabasa. Ive Coast Guard ndiyo shoma shoma remusasa, ine vanenge 7 000 vakuru uye 29 000 vakanyorerwa basa ravo. Ive Coast Guard inotsigirwawo neCôte Guard Reserves, uye munhu anozvipira "Coast Guard Auxiliary" munguva dzenhamo.
Iko Coast Guard inonzi inoshanda yeuto, nokuti, panguva dzehondo kana kukakavadzana, Mutungamiri weUnited States anogona kutora chero chipi kana zvinhu zvose zve Coast Coast kusvika kuDhipatimendi reNavy. Zvechokwadi, izvi zvave zvichiitwa munenge mhirizhonga imwe neimwe iyo United States yakambotarirwa nayo...... Coast Guard "inorayirwa neAimiral 4-nyota, inozivikanwa seCôte Guard Commandant.
Kushanda kwevanhu vakawanda: 36,000, asi neReerves (7,000) uye Auxiliary (29,000)
Vanyoresa vashandi
Vanyoresa nhengo ndivo "musana" wehondo. Vanoita basa rekutanga rinofanira kuitwa. Vakanyora nhengo "vadzidzisi." Ivo vakadzidziswa kuita zvisungo zvakananga mumauto. Sezvo vashandi vakanyoreswa vachifambira mberi mumapoka (pane mapfumbamwe akaverengwa), vanofungidzira mamwe mabasa, uye vanopa kutarisa zvakananga kune avo vari pasi pavo.
Vanyoresa vashandi mune dzimwe dzikiti vane nzvimbo chaiyo. MuHondo, Air Force, uye Marine Corps, iyi nharaunda inozivikanwa se " Vasina kutenderwa vakuru vakuru , kana" NCO. "MuNavy uye Coast Guard, vakadaro vakanyorerwa se" Petty Officers. "Mu Marine Corps, NCO inotanga pazera reE-4 (Corporal).
MuHondo neMweya, vakanyorera vashandi mumatunhu eE-5 kuburikidza neE-9 vane NCOs. Zvisinei, mamwe mauto E-4s akakurudzirwa ku "corporal," uye anoonekwa seCNOs.
Uyewo muHondo neMweya, vashandi muzvikoro zveE-7 kusvika E-9 vanozivikanwa se "Senior NCOs."
Mune Marine Corps, avo vari mumakoro eE-6 kusvika E-9 vanozivikanwa se "Staff NCOs."
MuNavy / Coast Guard, Petty Officers ndivo vari mumakoro eE-4 kusvika E-9. Avo vari mumakoro eE-7 kusvika E-9 vanozivikanwa se "Chief Petty Officers."
Warrant Officers
Warrant Officers vadzidzisi vakadzidziswa zvikuru. Apa ndipo pavanopesana nevatungamiri vatumwa. Kusiyana nemahofisi ehurumende, vimbiso dzevarume vanogara vari muhutano hwavo hwekutanga kupa ruzivo rwakananga, kurairirwa, uye hutungamiri kune avo vakanyorerwa nhengo uye vatumwa vakuru.
Nezvo zvishomanana zvisiri izvo, mumwe munhu anofanira kunge ari nhengo yakanyorerwa ane makore akawanda ezviitiko, anorayirwa nemukuru wavo, uye kupfuudza bhodhi rekusarudza kuti ave gavhuna mukuru. Air Force ndiyo chete basa risina kodzero dzevarindi. Air Force yakabvisa mapato avo mahofisi ehurumende apo Congress yakagadzira masheji eE-8 neE-9 mumakore makumi matanhatu apfuura. Mamwe mabasa anosarudzwa kuchengetedza mapepa ehurumende, uye akashandura kusimbiswa kubva mukusimudzirwa kweE-7s kune imwe nzira yakasarudzwa yevanyanzvi vane unyanzvi. Kune zvikamu zvishanu zvakasiyana zvemvumo. Warrant Officers kunze vose vakanyorera nhengo.
Kutumirwa Mahofisi
Kutumirwa Mahofisi ndivo "nhete yepamusoro." Basa ravo guru nderokupa hutungamiri hwehutungamiri uye hutungamiri munzvimbo yavo yekutarisira. Kusiyana nhengo dzakatumirwa nevatungamiri vehurumende, vatungamiri vatungamiri havasi kunyanya kukoshesa (pamwe nezvimwe zvakadai sevatyairi, vanachiremba, vanachiremba, uye magweta). Ngatitorei muenzaniso, mutungamiri wenhare . Nhengo yakatumirwa mubazi re Infantry ichava nehuwandu hwemashoko echechi, semwana wevana ( MOS 11B ), kana mumwe munhu asina kufanana nemwanasikana (11C). Kunze kwekunge iyo yakanyorerwa nhengo yekutora, acharamba ari 11B kana 11C yebasa rake. Asi mukuru mukuru, zvisinei, akasarudzwa ku "Infantry Branch." Anokwanisa kutanga basa rake mukutarisira chiedza chechidiki chemauto, ipapo angasimuka kuti ave mutungamiri wesimbi yevhu, uye gare gare mubasa rake anogona kuenderera mberi kuti ave mutungamiriri wekambani, achiraira marudzi akasiyana evanhu vanofambisa mauto. Sezvo iye achifambisa mapoka, anowana ruzivo rwakawedzerwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzebazi rake, uye ane kodzero yekuraira mauto akawanda. Zvose izvi zvine chinangwa chekupedzisira (pakupedzisira) kugadzira mumwe mubazi ane ruzivo anogona kurayira hondo yose yebhatalion kana kupatsanurwa.
Kutumirwa Mahofisi vanofanira kunge vane chikamu chechikoro chechikoro chemakore mana. Sezvavanenge vachikwira pamatare, kana vachida kukurudzirwa, vachazofanira kuwana masters degree. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanotumirwa kuburikidza nemapurogiramu anonyanya kutumirwa, akadai seimwe yezvidzidzo zvehondo ( West Point , Naval Academy, Air Force Academy , Chikoro Chekuchengetedzwa kweGungwa), ROTC (Reserve Officer Training Corps, kana OCS (Chikoro Chekuda Chikoro), chinonzi OTS ( Officer Chikoro Chokudzidzisa) kuMweya Wekudenga.
Kunewo maviri "maitiro" akaenzana evatumwa vakuru: Line uye Kwete-Line. A Asina-mumiririri mukuru wevasina kurwisana nehutano unosanganisira vanachiremba (vanachiremba uye vanachiremba), magweta, uye vadzidzisi. Vatongi vasiri-Line havagone kuraira mauto ehondo sezvo vari nyanzvi uye vane mabasa akasiyana nemabasa.
Mhedziso / Kufananidza neZvamwe Mabasa
Funga nezvemunhu akanyorerwa sevashandi mune imwe kambani yehurumende. Avo vakanyorerwa ndivo avo vanoisa maoko uye vanoita basa. Mukati re "boka revaranda," NCOs (Army, Air Force, uye Marines) uye Petty Officers (Navy neCôte Guard) ndivo vatariri. Vanoita basa racho, asi vanopawo kutarisa zvakananga kune vamwe vashandi. Mukuru NCOs (Army Air Force neMarines) uye Chief Petty Officers (Navy neCôte Guard) vari vatsigiri vatungamiri vakakwira kuburikidza nemapoka ehurumende. Iko inokosha semamenenja nekuda kwemakore avo akawanda, asi haazomboiti kuBhodi reVatungamiriri. Kutumirwa vakuru vakuru ndivo vatungamiriri vekambani. Vane nzvimbo dzakakura dzebasa rekutungamira, sangano, nekugadzirisa kwemasangano akasiyana-siyana ehurumende. Vatungamiri vatungamiri vakuru (vakuru nevatongi) iboka revatungamiri. Warrant Officers inogona kufungidzirwa sevanyori vane ruzivo rwezvesayenzi iyo ikambani inobhadhara kuita mabasa anokosha.