Apo munhu anowedzera muUnited States Masoja, basa rinoshanda kana kuchengetedza, vanotora mhiko inotevera:
Ndinopika (kana kutsigira) kuti ndichasimbisa nekudzivirira Mutemo weUnited States kune vose vavengi, vatorwa uye vekumba; kuti ini ndichatakura kutenda kwechokwadi nekuvimbika kune imwe chete; uye kuti ini ndichateerera mirairo yaMutungamiri weUnited States uye mirairo yevakuru vakuru vakagadzwa pamusoro pangu, maererano nemitemo uye Uniform Code yeGurumende yeGurumende.
National Guard yakanyorera nhengo kuti iite mhiko yakafanana, kunze kwekuti inopika kuti inoteerera mirairo yaGavhuna wehurumende yavo.
Ndinopika
Officers, pa commission, pika kune zvinotevera:
Ndinopika mhiko kuti ndichasimbisa nekudzivirira Mutemo weUnited States kune vose vavengi, vatorwa uye vekumba; kuti ini ndichatakura kutenda kwechokwadi nekuvimbika kune imwe chete; kuti ndinotora izvi zvakasununguka zvisingabhadharwi, ndisingafungi nezvepfungwa kana chinangwa chokupukunyuka; uye kuti ini ndichaita zvakanaka uye nekuvimbika mabasa ehofisi yandinozopinda.
Hondo yekudzivirira uye kubudirira kunovakirwa panheyo yekuteerera mirairo. Vashandi vanodzidziswa kuteerera, pakarepo uye pasina mubvunzo, mirairo kubva kuvakuru vavo, kubva pazuva rimwe remusasa webhati.
Mitemo Yakatenderwa
Nhengo dzemasoja dzinokundikana kuteerera mirairo yepamutemo yevatungamiri vavo dzinopinza mungozi yakaipa. Chinyorwa 90 cheGwaro Rakafanana reKutonga Kwechiuto (UCMJ) rinoita kuti rive mhosva kune nhengo yeuto yekuda kuteerera mukuru anotungamirirwa.
Chirevo chechikamu chechitatu chinoita kuti zvive mhosva kuti HERE isingateereri mutemo wepamusoro unenge usina kutorwa kana kuti Warrant Officer. Chirevo chechipiri chinoita kuti zvive mhosva yekusateerera chero mvumo yepamutemo (kusateerera hakufaniri kuva "kuda" pasi pechinyorwa ichi).
Ichokwadi, pasi peChitsauko 90 , munguva dzehondo, nhengo yeuto inenge isingateereri mukuru mukuru mukuru anokwanisa kutongerwa rufu.
Izvi zvinyorwa zvinoda kuteerera kweMutemo weMutemo . Murairo usingabvumirwi nemutemo hausi wekuti haufaniri kuteererwa asi kuteerera murayiro wakadaro kunogona kukonzera kupomerwa kwemhosva kune uyo anoteerera. Matare edzimhosva ave kwenguva refu achitaura kuti nhengo dzemasoja dzinozvidavirira pamabasa avo kunyange pavanotevera mirairo - kana chirongwa chacho chakanga chisina kutenderwa.
"Ndakanga Ndangotevera Maitirwo."
" Ndakanga ndangotevera mirairo ," yave isiri kushandiswa sekudzivirirwa kwepamutemo mumakumi ematambudziko (zvichida kunyanya nevakuru veNazi pamatare eNuremberg mushure meHondo Yenyika II). Zvidziviriro hazvina kuvashandira, uye hazvina kushanda mumazana ematambudziko kubvira.
Nyaya yokutanga yakanyorwa yakanyorerwa mukuru wemauto eUnited States achishandisa " Ndakanga ndangotevera mirairo " kudzivirira yakadzoka kare muna 1799. Panguva yeHondo neFrance, Congress yakaparidzira mutemo unoita kuti zvibvumirwe kubata zvombo zvakasungwa kune chero French Port. Zvisinei, apo Mutungamiri John Adams akanyora murairo wekutendera US Navy kuti aite kudaro, akanyora kuti ngarava dzeNavy dzakagamuchirwa kubata chero chikepe chakasungirirwa pamhenderekedzo yeFrance, kana kuti ichibva kuchiteshi cheFrance. Maererano nemirairo yeMutungamiri wenyika, mukuru weUnited States Navy akabata Danish Ship ( Fish Flying ), yakanga iri munzira kubva kuFrance Port.
Vatenzi vengarava vakasangana nemukuru weNavy muUnited States maritime court nokuda kwekutadza. Vakakunda, uye Dare Repamusorosoro reUnited States rakatsigira chisarudzo. Dare Repamusorosoro reUnited States rakati Vatungamiriri veNavy "vanozviisa pangozi yavo pachavo" pavanoteerera zvigaro zvehurumende kana mirairo yakadaro isiri pamutemo.
Hondo yeVietnam yakapa mareji eUnited States nemamwe maitiro e " Ndakanga ndangotevera mirairo " kudzivirirwa kupfuura chero dambudziko rekare. Zvisarudzo panguva idzi dzakasimbisa zvakare kuti kutevera mirairo isiri pamutemo hakusi kudzivirirwa kwakakwana kunopomerwa mhosva. MuUnited States v. Keenan , uyo akapomerwa (Keenan) akawanikwa ane mhosva yeuponda mushure mekuteerera kuitira kupfura nekuuraya mutana wekuVietnam akwegura. Dare reKubvunzurudza kweMasoja rakaratidza kuti " kururamiswa kwezviito zvakaitwa maererano nemirairo hazvipo kana urongwa hwaiva hwemhando yakadaro iyo munhu anonzwisisa uye anonzwisisa aizoziva kuti haisi pamutemo.
"(Sezvineiwo, musoja uyo akapa Keenan urongwa, Corporal Luczko, akaregererwa nekuda kweshungu).
Zvichida nyaya inonyanya kuzivikanwa ye " Ndakanga ndiri kutevera maitirwo " kudzivirirwa kwaiva nehondo-yehondo (uye chivimbo chekuponda kwepamberi) wekutanga Lieutenant William Calley nokuda kwechikamu chake muLa My Massacre musi waMarch 16, 1968. Dare rehondo rakaramba Nharo yaCalley yekuteerera mutemo wevakuru vake. Musi waMarch 29, 1971, Calley akatongerwa kurarama mujeri. Zvisinei, kuchema kwevanhu muUnited States mushure mekunge mharidzo iyi yaiparidzirwa uye yakakavhiringidza yakanga yakadai kuti Mutungamiri Nixon akamupa ruzha. Calley akakuvadza kupedza makore 3 1/2 pasi pekusungwa kweimba ku Fort Benning Georgia, apo mutongi wekupedzisira akaraira kuti asunungurwe.
Muna 2004, mauto akatanga nyaya dzematare edzimhosva dzakawanda dzakatumirwa kuIraq mukubata zvisina kunaka vasungwa nevasungwa. Nhengo dzakawanda dzinoti ivo vaingove vachitevera mirairo yevakuru vehurumende yekuziva. Zvinosuruvarisa (kwavari), izvozvidzidzo hazvingafambi. Kushungurudzwa kwevasungwa kune mhosva pasi pemutemo wepasi pose uye Code Uniform yeHurumende yeJudhiya (ona Chitsauko 93 - Utsinye uye Kusagadzikana ).
Zvisinei ...
Zviri pachena, pasi pemutemo weuto, kuti nhengo dzehondo dzinogona kupiwa mhosva pamusoro pemhosva dzakapiwa pasi pechirevo che "kuteerera mitemo," uye hapana chikonzero chekuteerera mirairo isiri pamutemo. Zvisinei, hezvino zvakakanganiswa: Mumwe nhengo yeuto inotadza kuteerera mirairo yakadaro panjodzi yake pachayo. Pakupedzisira, hazvisi kuti kana kwete iyo nhengo yeuto inofunga kuti urongwa hahuri pamutemo kana huri pamutemo; hazvinei kuti vakuru vakuru vehondo (uye matare) anofunga kuti urongwa hwakanga huri pamutemo kana husingabvumirwi nemutemo.
Tora nyaya yaMichael New. Muna 1995, Spec-4 Michael New akanga achishumira na1/15 Battalion wechitatu Infantry Division ye US Army muSwitwefurt, Germany. Apo pavakagoverwa sechikamu chemahofisi emarudzi akawanda ekuchengetedza runyararo pamusoro pekuendeswa kuMasedhonia, Spec-4 Mutsva nemamwe masoja ari muchikwata chake vakakurudzirwa kupfeka Misangano yeUnited Nations (UN). Vatsva vakaramba urongwa, vachikwikwidza kuti yakanga iri chirongwa chepamutemo. Vakuru vatsva havana kubvumirana. Pakupedzisira, ndizvo zvakaitwa nedare rehondo. Mutsva yakawanikwa ine mhosva yekusateerera mutemo wepamutemo uye kutongerwa kuipa-maitiro ekubuda. Sangano reMuzinda weChiremba Rokukumbira Rutsigiro rwakatsigira chirevo, sezvakaitwa neDare reKutsvaga reAmasimba.
Zvakanyanya Kuipa
Zvakadini nehurongwa wekutora chikamu mumishinari ane ngozi? Ko mauto anogona kurongedza mumwechete kuti aende pane "chinangwa chokuzviuraya here?" Iwe uri kutengesa ivo vanogona.
Muna Gumiguru 2004, varwi vakaparidzira kuti vari kuongorora kusvika kune nhengo makumi maviri nematanhatu yemapatoon kubva ku 343rd Quartermaster Company iri muRed Hill, South Carolina, nekuda kwekutakura zvinhu munzvimbo inotyisa yeIraq.
Maererano nenhengo dzemhuri, vamwe vemauto vakafunga kuti basa racho "rakanyanya kuipa" nokuti motokari dzavo dzisina kuchengetedzwa (kana kuti dzakanga dzisina zvombo zvishoma), uye nzira yavakarongerwa kutora ndeimwe yenjodzi muIraq.
Maererano nemishumo, nhengo idzi dzakangokundikana kuratidzira mushure mokutanga kuenda kumishinari.
Vanogona kurangwa nekuda kweizvi here? Zvechokwadi vanogona. Chirongwa chekuita basa rinotyisa rinotenderwa nokuti haisi chirongwa chekuita mhosva. Pasi pemutemo wezvino, uye Bhuku reMatare-Kurwisana, " Murairo unoda kushanda kweuto rehondo kana kuita zvinogona kutorwa kuti zvibvumirwe uye hauna kuteerera pazvinetso zvemudiki. kurongeka, kwakadai seyo inotungamirira dare rekuparwa kwemhosva. "
Zvechokwadi, kana zvingaratidzirwa kuti mumwe kana mauto akawanda akafurira vamwe kuti vasateerera, vangawana mhosva ye Mutiny, pasi peChitsauko 94 yakawedzerwa kune zvinyorwa zvemhosva. Mutinyine anotakura rufu, kunyange mu "nguva yorugare."
Kuteerera, Kana Kuti Usateerera?
Saka, kuteerera, kana kusateerera? Izvo zvinoenderana nehurongwa. Nhengo dzechiuto dzinoramba kuteerera mirairo pangozi yavo pachavo. Vanoteererawo mirairo pangozi yavo pachavo. Mutemo wekuita mhosva haisi pamutemo. Chirongwa chekuita basa rechiuto, zvisinei kuti kune mungozi inotenderwa sei, chero bedzi iyo isingasanganisi kutonga kwemhosva.