Kune zvipi zvishanu nzira dzakawanda dzekuenzanisa kureba mu ndege, uye imwe neimwe ine zvayo zvayo zvinoshandiswa uye zvisingakwanisi.
Altitude Altitude
Kureba kwechokwadi ndiko kukwirira kwendiza pamusoro peMvura yeZvikira (MSL), kukosha kunomiririra yega yega yepamusoro pegungwa (nekuti chaiyo yegungwa yepamusoro yakasiyana). Kureba kwechokwadi kwakafanana nezvamungadaidza kuti kukwirira mune zvisiri mhirizhonga.
Kazhinji ndege yepanyika haina kukwaniswa kuyera kurema kwechokwadi, saka haisati yashandiswa kuratidza kuti ndege iri kure. Zvisinei, zvigaro zvezvenzvimbo (FAs) zvinoshuma gore refu mu MSL, kana kuti nzvimbo yakakwirira. Uyezve, nzvimbo dzakakwirira, nzvimbo, uye zvipingamupinyi zvinoshandiswa pamatsetse ekuona ndege ( VFR ) mapepa emagetsi anowanzopiwa mu MSL.
Yakaratidza Altitude
Kuratidzwa kwekumusoro kune izvo zvinoratidzwa pane altimeter mundiza yenyu. Icho chiyero chekukwirira kwechokwadi sekuyerwa nea altimeter. I-altimeter ndicho chinhu chinokosha chekufamba-famba chinotarisa dambudziko remhepo pakubhururuka kwema ndege uye kuchifananidza nechisarudzo chekusimudzira.
Iko kusanganisa kunotaridzika kunowanzoitika kunowanikwa pane nzvimbo inoshandiswa yehuwandu yehupfumi. Zvisinei, nokuti nzvimbo yekunze iri pasi (uye haifambi ne ndege), kunetseka kunotaurwa panzvimbo yacho kunogona kusiyaniswa nekunetseka kwendiro chaiyo yepane ndege, zvichikanganisa kunyatsoona kwechidimbu chekuverenga.
Kuratidzwa kwekumusoro kunoshandiswa kuenzanisa kureba kwema ndege kubva kune zvipingamupinyi zvepasi uye nzvimbo uyewo marefu ari kure kune dzimwe ndege dziri munzvimbo iyo, inozivikanwa sekuparadzanisa vertical. Kushandisa kuburitswa kwakaratidzwa kuenzanisa kuparadzaniswa kwemaonero kwakanyatsonaka (kutora mapepa ose mune imwe nzvimbo inenge yakagadzirirwa kunzvimbo imwechete yechando), asi chiito ichi chinoshandiswa chete pakukwira pasi pe18,000 tsoka.
Kushingaira Altitude
Kudzvinyirira kunzvimbo yepamusoro kunzvimbo yepamusoro pomuenzaniso we datum plane, inoretical level inoratidzwa ne altimeter yakagadzirirwa kusvika 29.92 "Hg, muzinga wekugadzirisa maitiro.
Kudzvinyirira kwekumusoro kunokosha apo zvinosvika pakushandisa dhiyabhorosi yekushanda kwedata, kusanganisira zvinhu zvakadai sekutora uye kumhanya. Ndiwo nzvimbo iyo vashandi vanoshandisa pavanenge vachibhururuka kupfuura mamita 18 000 kana muClass D airspace , iyo inoda kuti munhu wese ari munhandare aise zvigadziri zvayo kusvika ku 29.92 "Hg kuitira kuti aenzanise nzvimbo dzakaratidzwa.Unogona kunyatsoona kushungurudzika kwemhepo nokuverenga musiyano pakati pekumanikidzika kwepamusoro uye ikozvino kuenzaniswa kwemasimita.
Kuwedzerwa kwepamusoro
Kuwedzera kwehuwandu kune zvakakosha pakugadzirisa kushanda kwendiza, kana kuti iyo ndege ichaita sei mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Kureba kwehuwandu hwepamusoro kunomanikidziro yakakwirira yakarongerwa kwekushisa kusina kuchengeterwa. Nemhaka yekuti kutonhora kunogara kuchichinja (uye naizvozvo hakusi kusingiriri), zvakakosha kuti vatyairi vepurisa vazive kukwirira kwehuwandu.
Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwayo haisi chiratidzo chekumusoro pamusoro pevhu kana pamusoro pegungwa. Asi, chiyero chemaitiro emhepo mune imwe nzvimbo inenge iri kupisa ino. Kuwanda kwemhepo kunoderera nepamusoro; kune mhepo shomanana yekufema pamakiromita 5 000 kupfuura pagungwa. Mhepo inotonhora inopisa kupfuura mhepo inopisa. Mumhepo inotyisa, mapapiro e ndege anowedzera, uye injini dzendege dzine simba nokuti kune oxygen yakawanda yekupisa. Sezvo kuwanda kwemhepo kunoderera (kuwedzera kwehuwandu kunowedzera), mutyairi anofanirwa kubhadhara mafambiro avo emhepo, kubvisa uye kuenda kumharaunda, uye zvimwe zvikonzero zvekuchengeteka.
Panyaya yegungwa, muzinga wekushisa kwemhepo yakawanda kuverenga ndeye 15 C. Kupisa kwepasi kunoderera, pavhareji, inenge 2 degrees pa1 000 mamita kuwedzera mukukwirira. Semuenzaniso, hofari yepaColorado pakasvika mamita 5 000 mukumusoro ichava nekushisa kwemasvondo mashanu. Zvisinei, kana kupisa chaiyo pachikwata chekudenga chiri pamusoro pemamiriro ekushisa akaenzana, hupamhi hwehupamhi huchave hwakareba kudarika humwe, uye ndege dzichaita se kunyange zvazvo varipo, somuenzaniso, mamita 7 000 pane mamita 5 000.
Absolute Altitude
Absolute altitude (AGL) ndiyo chaiyo yakakwirira kumusoro kwepasi, kana kukwirira chaiyo pamusoro pepasi. Inotaridzwa ne-radicar altimeter, iyo inoshandisa zviratidzo zveRadhara kuti ienzanise kure kure zvakananga kubva pasi kusvikira ndege. METAR naTAFs vanodhura gore rakavhara mu AGL. Kumusoro kwepamusoro zvakare kunoshandiswa kubatsira ndege yenyika huru yakagadzirirwa radiar altimeters. Ndezhinji ndege shoma hadzina radar altimeters uye inofanirwa kubatsirana nehukuru hwakaratidzwa uye matanho echikwata (IMC) ichibhururuka uye mamwe mabasa.