General Airport Lighting
General airport lighting inowanzobatanidza bhakoni rekudenga uye chero magetsi machena kana mabhandi matsvuku pamusoro pemasvingo, zvivako, nemichina yekuvaka. Bhakoni yebhuruni ndiyo chiedza chakakura, chakasimba chinotenderera chinonyanya kuonekwa kubva makiromita kure. Kushandiswa kwevoruzhinji maharukoni kunotenderera ruvara uye machena. Zvikwata zvemasoja zvehondo zvinotenderera zvakasvibirira uye zvichena asi zvine magetsi maviri machena kune rumwe ruvara rwuri ruvara, runoparadzanisa navo kubva kumapurisa ehurumende.
Uye heliports inotenderera pakati pemagetsi matsvuku, machena uye machena. Vatyairi vengarava vanoenda kune imwe nyika vanogona nyore kuona nhandare yeusiku kubva usiku kubva kubheconi, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yenzvimbo dzepamusoro dzinoshandiswa dzevatyairi pavanenge vachifamba usiku. Dzimwe nguva vatongi vemagetsi vanogona kuchinja bhakoni uye kuvhara sezvinodiwa; dzimwe nguva yakagadzirirwa pa timer. Zvivako zvepaofisi yezvikepe, shongwe, nemimwe michina yakareba mumunda ichava nechechi, yakasimba inogadziriswa bheconi pamusoro pavo kubatsira mukusagadzikana kwekugadzirira ndege.
Taxiway Lights
- Taxiway Edge Lights: Taxiway magetsi emagetsi mabhuruu muvara uye anotarisa taxiways. Nzvimbo dzeyogehena dzinowanzova nemagetsi matsvuku magetsi, pamwe chete.
- Zviratidzo zveBlack Clearance - Zvigadziri mumatareji, magetsi ekudzivirira mabhazi anoramba achiita zhizha uye zvinoreva kuwedzera kuonekwa kwekambani yekubatanidza kana kutenderedzwa kwematokisi usiku.
- Rega Zviratidzo zveBar - Zvinongogadziriswa pamakwikwi echisarudzo, magetsi ekumira mabhanhire anofanirwa kusimbisa kubvumirana kweAATC kuyambuka kana kupinda mugwagwa mumamiriro ekudzika anooneka ( pasi pasi IMC) . Izvo zviri mukati-magetsi mabhanhire ayo anogara akajeredza uye anowedzera nechepamusoro pekateksi paine mutsara wakadii. Pane imwe nguva mutyairi wechikwata akaiswa pamugwagwa, magetsi ekumira mabhanhire achavharwa.
- Runway Guard Lights - A pair of two lights in the light that are positioned on each side of the taxiway at the short line, the lights of the roadway are meant to draw attention to the line short - the area where the taxiway meets the runway.
Runway Lights
- Runway End Identifier Mwenje (REILs): Chiedza chechiedza chinopenya, imwe kune rumwe rutivi rwekugumira kwemugwagwa, iyo inobatsira kuziva gwagwa kubva pamatekisi usiku.
- Runway Edge Light Systems (HIRL / MIRL / LIRL): Magetsi emagetsi emigwagwa anogara ari mwenje machena pamakona emigwagwa. Pachigadzirwa chemidziyo, mwenje mutsvuku inochinja kuva yenyoro munguva yekupedzisira mamita 2 000, kana hafu yehutambo hwemigwagwa, chero ipi zvayo ishoma, uye zvino inoputika sezvo ndege iri kusvika kumagumo emugwagwa. Inogona kuva yakakwirira-yakasimba (HIRL), inyanzvi-yakasimba (MIRL) kana kuti yakadzika-simba (LIRL).
- Runway Centerline Lighting System (RCLS) - Pane imwe nzira yakarurama, imwe nzira yemugwagwa inonzi lightline yakaiswa, uye magetsi machena akaparadzaniswa pamakiromita makumi mashanu-ft pamakiromita emugwagwa. Nezviuru zvitatu zvakasara, zviedza zvitsvuku zvinoshanduka kuti zvive zvitsvuku uye zvitsvuku, uye zvese zvitsvuku munguva yekupedzisira mamita 1 000.
- Touchdown Zone Lights (TDZL) - Magetsi emagetsi ekugadzirisa magetsi magetsi anogara akajeka akaiswa mumitsetse miviri pedyo ne-centerline, kutanga pamamita makumi maviri uye achienderera kusvika mukatikati memugwagwa, kana kuti mamita 3 000 kune chikumbaridzo, chero zvishoma.
- Nzvimbo uye Bata Misi Pfupi - Kana munda uye uine maitiro mashomanana (LAHSO) ari kushanda, kupenya kwemwenje mhenje kunogona kuonekwa mumugwagwa uri mubato mutsara.
- Mimwe magetsi emugwagwa inogona kusanganisira Runway Status Lights (RWSL), iyo inosanganisira Runway Access Lights (RELs), iyo Takeoff Hold Light Array (THL), Runway Intersection Lights (RIL), uye Final Approach Runway Occupancy Signal (FAROS). Zvisikwa izvi zvinoshanda pamwe chete nekucherechedza maitiro ( akadai ADS-B ) uye anonyatsogadziriswa. Vanobatsira pakuzivisa vatyairi vengarairi nevatengesi vemotokari pasi apo zvakachengeteka kupinda kana kuyambuka gwagwa.
Visual Glideslope Indicators
Zviratidzo zvekuona zviratidzo zvinoshandiswa kupa vatyairi mavaraira mavarai panguva yekuzvarwa kwavo kuitira kuti varambe vakagadzikana kusvika. Vanouya mumhando mbiri, VASIs uye PAPIs, imwe neimwe iyo ine mhando dzakawanda dzekugadzirisa, asi iyo yose iyo inopa vashandi vengarairi pfungwa yakanaka kana iri pa glide nzira yekusimudzira nzira kana kwete.
- VASIs, kana kuti Zviratidzo Zvokuona Zvitsva, mazhenje emwenje kune rumwe rutivi rwomugwagwa iyo, kana ichivhenekera, inopa vashandi vengaravheti chiratidzo chinoratidza kuti ndege yavo yakakwirira kana kuti yakanyanya kuderera. VASIs inogona kuumbwa nezvigadziko 2, 4, 6, 12 kana 16, zvinowanzowanikwa pamatare maviri kana matatu - pedyo, pakati nepakati. Iviri-bar VASIs inopa chiratidzo che 3-degree glideslope, iyo inowanzoenderana nezvinofanira kutenderera munguva yekufamba. Mune imwe yakawanda-bhu yeVASI system, mutyairi anofanirwa kuona mahwendefa maviri matsvuku pamapuranga akare uye magetsi maviri machena pane pedo mizariro. Kana magetsi ose ari pedo uye mapuranga akareba ari matsvuku, ari pasi. Kana magetsi ose ari pedo uye kure nemigwagwa yakachena, iye akakwirira. Mutemo wekudzidzira vatambi vashandisi inoshandiswa ndeye "tsvuku pamusoro pemachena, iwe wakarurama."
- PAPI inomirira Precision Approach Path Indicator. PAPI mwenje yakarongedzwa, uye inowanzobatanidza mwenje mina inogona kuve yakatsvuka kana yakachena, zvichienderana nekuti ndege ndeipi glideslope. A typical PAPI system iri kurutivi rworuboshwe rwemigwagwa. Apo magetsi ose mana akachena, ndege yacho yakakwirira kwazvo. Sezvainoburukira kunzira yeglide, mwenje kurutivi rworudyi ichatanga kuchinja. Apo imwe ndege iri pakanyatsotarisa glide, maviri acho akabva magetsi anofanira kuva akachena, uye mwenje mbiri dzakarurama dzinofanira kuva dzakatsvuka. Apo zvitatu kana kupfuura zviedza zvitsvuku, zvinoratidza kuti ndege yacho yakanyanya kwazvo.
Kubva: DOD / Aeronautical Information Manual