Nyaya dzechirango dzeUCMJ

by Rod Powers

Chisungo chegumi chechina: Kutambudza kana kuda kuteerera mutungamiriri mukuru

Text:

"Munhu chero upi zvaanoteerera chitsauko ichi uyo-

(1) inorova mukuru wake mukuru wehurumende kana anotora kana kusimudzira chero zvombo kana kupa chero chisimba chinomupikisa paanenge ari mukushanda kwehofisi yake; kana

(2) nemaune asingateereri mutemo wepamutemo wepamusoro wake mukuru mukuru; achapiwa chirango, kana kukanganisa kuri kuitwa munguva yehondo, nerufu kana chimwe chirango chakadai sokuti gweta-ruto rinogona kutungamirira, uye kana kukanganisa kuri kuitwa chero ipi zvayo, nechirango chakadaro, kunze kwekufa, sechivanze -kurwisana kunogona kutungamirira. "

Elements

(1) Kushungurudza kana kukuvadza mukuru mukuru mukuru .

(a) Kuti uyo akapomerwa akarova, akachera, kana kusimudzira nhumbi yekurwa naro, kana kupa hutsinye hunopesana, mumwe mutungamiri mukuru;

(b) Kuti mupurisa ndiye aiva mukuru wepamutemo weaipomerwa;

(d) Kuti mukuru akatungamirirwa ndiye akanga ari mukugadzwa kwehofisi.

(2) Disobeying akakurudzirwa mukuru mukuru .

(a) Kuti uyo akapomerwa akagamuchira murairo wepamutemo kubva kune umwe mutungamiri mukuru;

(b) Kuti mukuru uyu ndiye mukuru wepamutemo weanopomerwa;

(d) Kuti uyo anopomerwa achida kuteerera mutemo wepamutemo.

Tsanangudzo

(1) Kushungurudza kana kukuvadza mukuru mukuru mukuru .

(a) Tsanangudzo .

(b) Kuiswa kwehofisi .

Mumwe mupurisa ari mukugadzwa kwehofisi paanoita chero chiito kana basa rinodiwa kana kubvumirwa nesungano, mutemo, mutemo, mutemo wepamusoro, kana kushandiswa kwehondo. Nenzira yakawanda, chero kukanganisa kana kushandiswa kwemhirizhonga kune chero mukuru wepamusoro nemunhu uyo ane basa romukuru iyeyo kuchengeta chirango panguva iyo iri kuuraya kana kushandisa zvechisimba kumurwi mukuru mukugadzwa kwehofisi.

Mutungamiri ari kukwira chikepe kana mutungamiri wesuniti mumunda inowanzoonekwa sechishanda panguva dzose.

(c) Zivo . Kana uyo akapomerwa asina kuziva mukuru wehurumende ndiye aipomerwa mukuru wehurumende, uyo akapomerwa angave asina kutongerwa mhosva iyi. Zivo inogona kuratidzirwa nehupupuriro hwemamiriro ezvinhu.

(d) Kudzivirirwa . Mukupomerwa kwekurova kana kurova mukuru wepamusoro-soro kuputsa nenyaya ino, ndeyezvidziviriro izvo uyo akapomerwa akaita nenzira yakakodzera kubudiswa kweimwe basa, kana kuti uyo akatambudzwa akaita nenzira nenzira yeanopomerwa sekurasikirwa nekudzivirirwa dzechikamu chino ( ona- ndima 13c (5) ). Somuenzaniso, kana uyo akatambudzwa atanga kurwisa kusina mvumo kune uyo akapomerwa, izvi zvinogona kubvisa munhu akadzivirirwa kwekudzivirirwa kwechikamu chino, uye ,zve, inogona kupa mhosva mumwe munhu akadarika kusanganisira kukanganisa kwakaitwa sekuzvidzivirira, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ( ona ndima 54c; RCM 916 ().

(i) Mukuru mukuru akatumwa . Tsanangudzo dziri mundima - 13c (1) ( a ) uye ( b ) dzinoshanda pano uye mundima c (2).

(ii) Kurwisana . "Kushungurudza" kunoreva kukuvadza kwekuda, uye kunosanganisira chero kugunzva kunorwadza kwemunhu wemukuru, kunyange zvishoma.

(iii) Inotora kana kusimudza chero zvombo zvese zvinopesana . Mutsara unoti "unokwidza kana kusimudza chero zvombo zvese" kuratidzira kushungurudzwa kupi nyore kwakaitwa nenzira yakataurwa. Kuratidzwa kwechigadziro chero chipi zvacho nenzira ine utsinye kana kusimudzirwa kana kuiswa kwechimwechete nenzira inotyisa muhupo hwepamusoro uye kune mukuru nderudzi rwechiito chinonzi proscribed. Kusimudzirwa nenzira inotyisidzira yepfuti, ingave kana isati yakatakurwa, yekambani, kana yechinhu chipi nechipi chinokonzerwa nekurwadza kana kukuvadzwa kunogona kupiwa kunosanganisira "kusimudza."

(iv) Inopa chero chisimba chinopesana . Mutsara unoti "unopa chero hupombwe hunopikisana" hunosanganisira chero rudzi rwebheteri kana kurwisana chete kusagamuchirwa mumashoko anotevera anotaura "kurwisa" uye "kukwezva kana kusimudza." Kana isingaiti, chisimba chinofanira kuedza kuedza kana kutyiswa. Kungotyisidzira mumashoko hakusi kupiwa zvechisimba mupfungwa yenyaya ino.

(2) Disobeying akakurudzirwa mukuru mukuru .

(a) Kutongwa kwehutano .

(i) Kusarudzwa kwekutonga . Murairo unoda kuti basa rechiuto kana kuti chiito chiite zvinogona kutorwa kuti zvibvumirwe nemutemo uye hazviteereri panjodzi yevasi pasi. Izvi zvisingashandisi kurongeka kwepamutemo kusingabvumirwi nemutemo, kwakadai seyo inotungamirira mutemo wemhosva.

(ii) Simba rekupa mutungamiri . Mutungamiri wehurumende anopa urongwa anofanira kunge ane kodzero yekupa mutemo wakadaro. Mvumo inogona kunge yakabva pamutemo, mutemo, kana tsika yebasa racho
(iii) Ukama hwebasa rechiuto . Urongwa hunofanirwa hunoenderana nehurumende, iyo inosanganisira zvinhu zvose zvinotarisirwa kuti zviite basa rehondo, kana kuchengetedza kana kukurudzira tsika, chirango, nekubatsira kwemutevedzeri wemirairo uye zvakanamana nekubatanidzwa kwehutano hwakanaka mubasa. Izvo zvingave zvisingaiti, pasina chinangwa chechiuto chakadaro, chinopesana nekodzero dzemunhu oga kana nezvehupenyu hwake. Zvisinei, zvinorehwa nehana yemunhu, chitendero, kana uzivi hweunhu pachako hazvikwanise kureva kana kuvhiringidza kusateerera kwekutenderwa kwepamutemo. Kusateerera kwechirongwa chine chinangwa chaicho chekuwana kune imwe mugumo wega, kana iyo inopiwa nokuda kwechinangwa chekuwedzera chirango chemhosva iyo inotarisirwa kuti anopomerwa angaita, haisi kurangwa pasi pechinhu ichi.
(iv) Ukama hwekodzero dzepamutemo kana dzebumbiro remitemo . Mutemo wacho haufaniri kupesana nekodzero dzemitemo kana dzomutemo dzomunhu anowana urongwa.

(b) Maitiro ehupenyu hwehutano . Urongwa hunofanirwa kutaurirwa zvakananga kune pasi. Kushevedzera kwemitemo, kumira mirairo kana mirayiridzo, kana kukundikana kuita zvisati zvaitwa zvakasimbiswa hazvisi kurangwa pasi pechinyorwa ichi asi zvinogona kuputsa Chinyorwa 92 .

(c) Kuumba uye kutumirwa kwehutano . Chero bedzi mutemo wacho unonzwisisika, maitiro ehurongwa haatarisiki, sezvinoitwa nenzira iyo inoparidzirwa kune anopomerwa.

(d) Tsanangudzo yehutano . Urongwa hunofanira kunge huri chiremera chairo chokuita kana kusaita chiito chaicho. Kukurudzira kuti "teerera mutemo" kana kuti kuita basa remauto hakuiti mutemo pasi pechinyorwa ichi.

(e) Zivo . Munhu anopomerwa anofanira kunge ane zivo chaiyo yehutano uye yekuti munhu anenge achibudisa urongwa ndiye aipomerwa mukuru wepamutemo. Zvechokwadi ruzivo runogona kuratidzirwa nehumwe uchapupu huripo.

(f) Zvinhu zvekusateerera . "Kuzvidira kusateerera" ndiko kuzvidzivirira kwechiremera kwechiremera. Kukundikana kutevedzera urongwa kuburikidza nokusaremekedza, kuregererwa, kana kukanganwa hakusi kukanganisa kwechinyorwa ichi asi kunogona kuputsa Chinyorwa 92.

(g) Nguva yekuteerera . Apo mutemo unoda kukurumidza kuteererwa, munhu anopomerwa anotaura kuti haafaniri kuteerera uye kukundikana kwekuita chero kupi zvako kuiteerera kunoreva kusateerera. Kana chirongwa chisingarevi nguva iyo inofanira kuteverwa nayo, zvichireva pachena kana nekutaura, zvino kunonoka kunonoka kwekutevedza hakuputsiri nyaya ino. Kana mutemo unoda kushanda mune ramangwana, mutauriri wemhosva wekupomerwa wechinangwa chokusateerera mutemo hauiti kusateerera kwekuraira, kunyange zvazvo kuita icho chinangwa chingave.

(3) Vagari vemo uye vakasunungura vasungwa . Mumwe musungwa akaregererwa kana vamwe vanhu vanogara pasi pemutemo weuto ( ona Chinyorwa 2 ) uye pasi pemurairo weanenge akatumirwa kunoteerera zvikamu zvenyaya ino.

Zviduku zvinosanganisira zvikanganiso.

(1) Kuwedzera hurumende yakatumirwa mukuru mukugadzwa kwehofisi .

(a) Chitsauko 90-kutora kana kusimudza zvombo kana kupa chisimba kune mukuru akatungamirirwa mukugadzwa kwehofisi

(b) Chinyorwa 128 -kutsvaga; kurwisa kunopedzwa nebhateri; kurwisa nenhumbi ine ngozi

(d) Chitsauko 80- nguva

(2) Kuisa kana kusimudzira chimbo kana kupa chisimba kune mukuru akatumwa mukuru mukugadzwa kwehofisi .

(a) Chitsauko 128 -kutsvaga, kurwisa nenhumbi ine ngozi

(b) Chitsauko 128 -kutsvaga pane mutungamiri wehurumende kwete mukugadzwa kwehofisi

(3) Kuzvidira kusateerera mutemo wepamutemo wepamusoro mukuru mukuru.

(a) Chitsauko 92- kubvuma kuteerera mutemo

(b) Chitsauko 89- zvisinei nepamusoro pemukuru mukuru

Maximum chirango.

(1) Kushamwaridzana, kutora, kana kusimudza nhumbi chero ipi zvayo kana kupa chero hutsinye kune hurumende yakagadzwa mukugadzwa kwehofisi . Kusunungurwa kusinganzwisisiki, kukanganiswa kwemari yose uye zvipo, nekuvharirwa kwemakore gumi.

(2) Kuzvidira kusateerera mutemo wepamutemo wepamusoro mukuru mukuru . Kusunungurwa kusinganzwisisiki, kukanganiswa kwemari yose uye zvipo, nekuvharirwa kwemakore mashanu.

(3) Munguva yehondo . Rufu kana chimwe chirango chakadai senzira yedare rinogona kutungamirira.

Nyaya Inotevera > Chinyorwa 91 -Kubata maitiro kune vashandi vehurumende, musingaiti mumiririri, kana mukuru mukuru>

Pamusoro Paya Mashoko kubva Mubhuku reDare Martial, 2002, Chitsauko 4, Ndima 14

(iii) Ukama hwebasa rechiuto . Urongwa hunofanirwa hunoenderana nehurumende, iyo inosanganisira zvinhu zvose zvinotarisirwa kuti zviite basa rehondo, kana kuchengetedza kana kukurudzira tsika, chirango, nekubatsira kwemutevedzeri wemirairo uye zvakanamana nekubatanidzwa kwehutano hwakanaka mubasa. Izvo zvingave zvisingaiti, pasina chinangwa chechiuto chakadaro, chinopesana nekodzero dzemunhu oga kana nezvehupenyu hwake. Zvisinei, zvinorehwa nehana yemunhu, chitendero, kana uzivi hweunhu pachako hazvikwanise kureva kana kuvhiringidza kusateerera kwekutenderwa kwepamutemo. Kusateerera kwechirongwa chine chinangwa chaicho chekuwana kune imwe mugumo wega, kana iyo inopiwa nokuda kwechinangwa chekuwedzera chirango chemhosva iyo inotarisirwa kuti anopomerwa angaita, haisi kurangwa pasi pechinhu ichi.
(iv) Ukama hwekodzero dzepamutemo kana dzebumbiro remitemo . Mutemo wacho haufaniri kupesana nekodzero dzemitemo kana dzomutemo dzomunhu anowana urongwa.