Nyaya dzechirango dzeUCMJ
"(A) Chiito, chakaitwa nechinangwa chakanaka chekuita mhosva pasi pechitsauko chino, zvisingatori kungogadzirira uye kurongedza, kunyange zvazvo kukundikana, kuita basa rayo, iri kuedza kuita mhosva iyoyo.
(b) Munhu wese ari pasi pechitsauko ichi uyo anoedza kuita chero mhosva ipi neipi inotongwa nechitsauko ichi acharangwa sezvo dare rehondo rinogona kutungamirira, kunze kwekunge zvakarongerwa zvakananga.
(c) Munhu chero upi zvake anoteerera muchitsauko chino angatongerwa mhosva yekuedza kuita mhosva kunyange zvazvo inowanikwa pamhosva yokuti mhosva yacho yapera. "
Elements
(1) Kuti uyo akapomerwa akaita chimwe chiito chakanyanya;
(2) Kuti chiito ichocho chakaitwa nechinangwa chaicho chekuita chimwe chekuita pasi pemutemo;
(3) Kuti chiito chacho chakanga chisiri kungozvigadzirira; and
(4) Kuti chiito ichocho sezviri pachena chakanga chichiita kutongerwa kwechivi chaidiwa.
Tsanangudzo
(1) Kazhinji . Kuita kuedza kunofanirwa kuva nechinangwa chakanaka chekuita mhosva iri pamwe chete nechiito chakanyanyisa chinotarisana nekuzadzisa chinangwa chisiri pamutemo.
(2) Kupfuura kugadzirira . Kugadzirira kunosanganisira kuronga kana kuronga nzira kana zviyero zvakakosha zvekutonga kwechiremba. Chiito chakanyanyisa chinodiwa chinoenda kunze kwekugadzirira matanho uye inotungamira zvakananga kumutemo wekudarika. Semuenzaniso, kutengwa kwemasikisi nechinangwa chekupisa furasi haisi kuedza kuita chifukidzo, asi kuedza kuita chikonzero chekushandisa mutsva unopisa kumusana, kunyange pasina moto unoguma.
Chiito chakawedzerwa hachifaniri kuva chiito chekupedzisira chakakosha pakupedzwa kwechigumbuso. Semuenzaniso, munhu anopomerwa aigona kuita chiito chakawedzerwa, uye ozvipira kusarudza kuti arege kupfurikidza nemhosva inenge yaitwa. Chiedza chaizodaro chave chakaitwa, nokuti kusanganiswa kwechinangwa chakanaka chekuita mhosva, pamwe nekutumirwa kwechiito chakanyanyisa kuronga kuchiita, chiri chechivi chekuedza.
Kusakwanisa kupedzisa kukanganisa, chero chii chinokonzera, hachisi chokudzivirira.
(3) Zvechokwadi hazvibviri . Munhu ane chinangwa anobata mukuzvibata izvo zvingaita kuti mhosva yacho iite mhosva kana mamiriro evarindi akaita semunhu iyeye akavatenda kuti ane mhosva yekuedza. Somuenzaniso, kana A, pasina chikonzero kana chikonzero uye nechinangwa chokuuraya B, anongedzera pfuti pa B uye anokonzera mutsara, A ane mhosva yekuedza kuponda, kunyange zvazvo, asingazivi A, pfuti haina kukwana uye haingavi moto . Saizvozvowo, munhu anopinda muhomwe yeumwe ane chinangwa chokuba chikwata chemunhu iyeye ane mhosva yekuedza kuita chikwata, kunyange zvazvo chikwama chisina chinhu.
(4) Kuregera kuzvipira . Icho chidziviriro chekuedza kwekuedza kuti munhu wacho nokuzvidira uye zvachose akasiya uipi hunotarisirwa, nekuda kwekufunga kwomunhu pachake kuti zvakanga zvisina kururama, kusati kwapera kupera kwemhosva. Kuzvidzivirira kwekuzvidira kusununguka hakubvumirwi kana kukanganisa kunoguma, zvakakwana kana chikamu, kubva kune zvimwe zvikonzero, somuenzaniso, munhu anotya kuonekwa kana kunetseka, akasarudza kumirira mukana wakanaka wekubudirira, haana kukwanisa kupedzisa utsotsi, kana kuti akasangana kusatarisira matambudziko kana kusatarirwa kusatarisana.
Munhu ane kodzero yekuzvidzivirira nekusiya basa achizvidira angave ane mhosva kune muduku akabatanidzwa, kupera kukwidzwa. Semuenzaniso, munhu akazvipira kusiya kuedza kupamba gamba angave ane mhosva yekurova nenhumbi ine ngozi.
(5) Kukumbira . Kukurudzira mumwe kuti aite mhosva hazvirevi kuedza. Ona ndima 6 pakukurukurwa kwechikamu 82, kukumbira.
(6) Kuedza kwete pasi peChitsauko 80 . Kunyange zvazvo kuedza kukuru kunofanirwa kutongerwa pasi peChitsauko 80, kuedza kunotevera kunotsanangurwa neimwe imwe nyaya, uye inofanira kutongerwa zvakakodzera:
(a) Chitsauko 85 -kutsvaga
(b) Chitsauko 94 -mutiny kana kupandukira.
(c) Chinyorwa 100-chikamu chinomanikidzira
(d) Chitsauko 104 -kuchengetedza muvengi
(e) Chirevo 106a -espionage
(f) Chinyorwa 128 -kutsvaga
(7) Mitemo .
Chiedza chekuita mufambiro chinopesana nemutemo wepamutemo kana mutemo uri pasi peChitsauko 92 ( ona ndima 16 ) inofanira kupomerwa pasi peChitsauko 80. Hazvisi izvo mumatambudziko akadaro kuratidza kuti anopomerwa aida kuputsa mutemo kana mutemo, asi inofanira kuonekwa kuti uyo anopomerwa aida kurarama mufambiro wakarambidzwa.
d. Zviduku zvinosanganisira zvikanganiso . Kana uyo akapomerwa ari kutongwa nemuedzo pasi peChitsauko 80, uye kukanganisa kwakaedzwa kune muduku kunosanganisira kukanganisa, ipapo kukanganisa kwekuedza kuita muduku kunosanganisira kukanganisa kunowanzove kwakadarika kusanganisira mhosva kune mhosva yekuedza. Semuenzaniso, kana munhu akapomerwa aipomerwa kuedza kukanganisa, mhosva yekuedza kusarudzwa kwakashata ingadai yakasanganisira kukanganisa, kunyange zvazvo, sekuedza kwakaitwa, kwaizove kuputsa kweChikamu 80.
e. Maximum chirango . Munhu chero upi zvaanoteerera purogiramu uyo anowanikwa nemhosva yekuedza pasi peChitsauko 80 kuti aite chero mhosva chero ipi zvayo inopomerwa nemitemo ichave pasi pechirango chakafanana chakagamuchirwa nekutumirwa kwechivi chakaedzwa, kunze kwekuti pasina chikonzero chirango chekufa ngaapomerwe, uye hapana chero chikonzero chinotenderwa chirango chinoshandiswa; uye pasina mhaka, imwe kunze kwekuedza kuuraya, ichavharirwa kunze kwemakore makumi maviri ichitongwa.
Nyaya Inotevera > Article 81 -Conspiracy>
Pamusoro peNhoroondo kubva kuBhuku reDare Martial, 2002, Chitsauko 4, Ndima 4