Muhurumende yeUnited States mauto, nzvimbo inotarisa ndiani anozoti audze ani kuti aitei. Nzvimbo yepamusoro, iyo simba guru (uye mutoro) zvavari. US Mauto anowira mune chimwe chezvikamu zvitatu: (1) vakanyorerwa nhengo, (2) vabati vakuru, uye (3) vakuru vakuru . Warrant mauto akabuda vose vakanyorera nhengo, uye vakapa vakuru vakuru kunze kwevakuru vakuru vehurumende uye vakanyorera nhengo.
"Chikero" uye "kubhadhara gorosi" zvinonyatsoshamwaridzana, asi kwete zvakafanana. "Chengeta girasi" inzvimbo yekuchengetedza, inosanganiswa nemubhadharo wemunhu. "Ramba" ndiro chirevo uye rinoreva nhengo yevane simba uye mutoro. E-1 ndiyo yepamusoro yepamusoro yekubhadhara chikoro. "Munhu" uyu ndiye "Wega" muHighy and Marine Corps, "Airman Basic" muMweya Wekudenga, uye "Seaman Recruit" muNavy uye Coast Guard . Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti muNavy uye Coast Guard, izwi rokuti "rank" harisati riri kushandiswa pakati pevafambisi vechikepe. Izwi rakakodzera "chiyero."
Kupfuura nekusingaperi, bheji remisangano yakabatanidza zviratidzo zvakadai seminhenga, mashizha, micheka uye yunifomu. Kunyangwe kutakura zvombo zvakasiyana zvakaratidza nzvimbo. Mabheji ehupamhi ave akapfeka zvipfeko, mapepa, uye akapoteredza chiuno nebhokisi.
Revolutionary War
Hondo yeAmerica yakashandura yakawanda yechipfuva chayo kubva kuBritish.
Pamberi peHondo Yenyika, vemuAmerica vakavhiringidzwa nevanopfeka mauto kubva muBritish tsika. Vafambisi vengarava vakatevera muenzaniso wehondo yakabudirira zvikuru panguva iyoyo - Royal Navy.
Nokudaro, Continental Army yakanga ine vanyori, sergeants, lieutenants, vatungamiri, colonels, vakuru, uye zvinoverengeka zvino-zvisingabatsiri zvakadai sekoronet, subaltern, uye mureza.
Chimwe chinhu icho Army chakanga chisina kuwana chaiva mari yakakwana yokutenga yunifomu.
Kuti agadzirise izvi, Gen. George Washington akanyora,
"Sezvo nyika yeE Continental Army ine, zvinosuruvarisa, hapana yunifomu, uye saka zvinetso zvakawanda zvinofanira kusimuka nekusava kukwanisa kusiyanisa vatungamiri vanotumirwa kubva kune avo vari voga, zvinoda kuti rimwe bheji rekusiyanisa rikurumidze kupiwa; vane cockades mutsvuku kana emicheka mumakati avo, vatungamiriri vemajena kana bhuti, uye subalterns. "
Kunyangwe munguva yehondo, maitiro akadai akazoshanduka. Muna 1780, mitemo yakaraira nyeredzi mbiri kuvakuru vakuru uye nyeredzi yebrigadiers vakapfeka mapuranga epafudzi, kana epaulets.
Kushandiswa kwemazana mazhinji eChirungu kwakatorwa kunyange pashure pokunge United States yakunda hondo. Hondo uye Marine Corps dzakashandiswa zvakafanana, kunyanya shure kwe 1840. Navy yakatora nzira yakasiyana.
Kuchinja Rank Structure
Nzvimbo yepamusoro uye zvisikwa zvakaramba zvichichinja. Vatori vezvechipiri vakatsiva mauto eArmed's, mazita, uye subalterns, asi vakanga vasina ruzivo rwakasiyana kusvikira Congress yakavapa "mabhururi" muna 1917. Makoroni akagamuchira gondo muna 1832. Kubva muna 1836, mazita emakoloni uye mareta-tete makononi airehwa nemuoki kubva; vatungamiri nematarenda esirivha maviri, kana "nzira dzezvitima"; uye vekutanga vanyengeri, mishavha yesirivha isina kuroorwa.
MuNavy, Captain ndiyo yaiva yakakwirira kupfuura iyo Congress yakagadzira mapurisa mahofisi muna 1857 - zvisati zvaitika, kuratidza mumwe munhu mutongi muRwanda zvakanziwo uri mambo weUnited States. Kusvikira muna 1857, iyo Navy yakanga ine makero matatu emutungamiri anenge akaenzana neBrigadier General Army, colonel uye lieutenant colonel. Kuwedzera kumhirizhonga, vatungamiri vose vezvombo zveNavy vanonzi "mukuru," pasinei nehuwandu.
Civil War
Nekutanga kweHondo Yenyika, vakuru vepamusoro vatungamiri vakava commodores nemashure ekumhanya uye vaipfeka nyeredzi imwe neyeredzi mbiri-nyeredzi, zvichienderana. Vakaderera ndivo vakava vatungamiri vane mashizha omuouki, apo vatungamiri pakati vakaramba vakaenzana neHondo mapoloni uye vakapfeka makondo.
Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo Navy yakagadzira shanduro yemakumbo yakave yakaoma kwazvo zvokuti apo David Glasgow Farragut akava musimboti wekutanga webasa rekubasa muna 1866, zvipfeko pamaoko ake zvakatambanudzwa kubva pakabheti kusvika pakona.
Mitsara miviri yemaoko yakashandiswa nhasi yakatangwa muna 1869.
Chevrons
Chevrons mapuropa akafanana nemavhii ayo anoshandiswa mumasoja anodzokera kumashure kwezana remakore rechi12. Yaiva bheji yekubwinya uye yakashandiswa muhealdary. VaBritain neFrench vakashandisa chevrons - kubva muchiFrench shoko rokuti "denga" -kureva urefu hwebasa.
Chevrons yakarongedza zvakajeka muuto reUnited States kwekutanga kokutanga muna 1817, apo ma cadet kuU.S. Military Academy kuWest Point, NY, akavapfekedza pamaoko avo. Kubva kuWest Point, chevrons yakapararira kune Army neMarine Corps. Kusiyana kwacho kwaiva chevrons dzakapfekedzwa kusvika muna 1902 apo Army neMarine Corps vakanyorera vashanduri vachichinjeka kusvika ikozvino maonero ekugadzirisa.
Navy ne Coast Coast vaduku vakuru vanocherechedza mararamiro avo emhando yeBritish. Vakuru vakuru vaiva vatsigiri kune mapurisa ari muchikepe. Zita racho rakanga risina hugaro husingagumi uye varume vakashanda pamutungamiri wemutungamiriri. Mapurisa mashoma akarasikirwa nehurumende apo varwi vakabhadharwa pamagumo erwendo.
Zvitsva Zvitsva, New Insignias
Muna 1841, vakuru veNavy vadty vakagamuchira mukana wavo wokutanga-gondo rakasungirirwa pane anchore. Kuyera - unyanzvi hwemabasa - hwakabatanidzwa muchibvumirano muna 1866. Muna 1885, Navy yakaronga mapoka matatu evanhu vaduku vakuru - kutanga, wechipiri nechetatu. Vakawedzera chevrons kuti vasarudze mapoka matsva. Nzvimbo yevakuru vaduku mukuru yakasimbiswa muna 1894.
Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, Hondo Yakatora magadzirirwo emagetsi. Nyanzvi dzegorosi rakapiwa dzakagamuchira mubhadharo mumwe chete uye dzaipfeka maitiro akafanana neavo vakaenzana vasina kodzero dzevatungamiri kunze kwechinguva chiduku "T" chinotarirwa pasi pe chevrons. Nyanzvi, pasinei nemitambo, yakanga isina mvumo yekuraira pamusoro pemapoka. Izvi zvakashandurwa mumatare eyanzvi, kuripa makero E-4 kusvika E-7. Mhemberero yekupedzisira nhasi inoponesa pachena se "nyanzvi," kuripa gorosi E-4. Apo paiva nevanhu vakadai sevanyanzvi 7, vaipfeka chiratidzo chegondo chazvino chiri kupfurikidza nematatu egoridhe akavharwa-anowanzoti "mambure e shiri."
Apo Air Force yakava basa rakasiyana muna 1947, yakachengetedza mauto ehurumende mazita uye mazita asi yakagamuchira mazita akasiyana-siyana uye maitiro.
Warrant mahofisi akafamba nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana vasati vasvika pamasangano ezuva ranhasi. Iyo Navy yakanga iine magwaro ehurumende mauto kubva pakutanga-ivo vaiva nyanzvi vakaona kutarisira uye kushanda kwechikepe. Hondo neMarines vakanga vasina kodzero kusvikira muzana remakore rechi20. Nzvimbo yekuchengetedza mvumo yakagadziriswa yakagadziriswa nekuwedzera kwevakuru vakuru vehurumende 5. Air Air akasimuka kugadza vakuru vakuru vehurumende muma1950 uye haana basa pane basa nhasi.
Other Rank Tidbits
- Dare rakatanga neHondo asi rakaguma neNavy. Nzvimbo ye Army mureza yakapera nguva yakareba iyo nhare yehurumende yeNavy yakasimbiswa muna 1862. Ensigns yakawana mabhandi egoridhe muna 1922, mamwe makore mashanu mushure mokunge varwi vechipiri vanyengeri vakagamuchira yavo.
- "Lieutenant" inobva kuFrance " nzvimbo " zvinoreva "nzvimbo" uye " chigaro " zvinoreva "kubata." Zvinyorwa, vanyengeri ndivo vanochengetedza nzvimbo. VaBrithani pakutanga vakavhiringidza kududzirwa kwechiFrench, vachizivisa shoko rokuti, " placeftenant ," apo vaAmerica (zvichida nemhaka yeFrance vagadziri simba) vakachengetedza matananguro ekutanga.
- Kunyange zvazvo vakuru vezvematongerwo enyika, vatungamiriri venyika vatungamiri vakuru vakuru . Izvi zvinouya kubva kuBrithani tsika: Vatungamiri vakagadzwa kuti vaite mishandirapamwe uye kazhinji vanonzi "vakuru vakuru." Vabatsiri vavo vakanga, nenzira yepanyama, "lieutenant vakuru." Panguva imwecheteyo, mukuru wevatungamiri aiva "sergeant chief general." Pane imwe nzvimbo munzira, "sergeant" yakadonhedzwa.
- Ndarama inokosha kupfuura sirivha, asi sirivha inotapira goridhe. Izvi ndezvekuti Hondo yakarongedza muna 1832 kuti mazhenyeri echecheche aizopfeka magora egoridhe pamapaulet esirivha uye mamwe emakoloni ese aizopfeka magora esirivha pamusoro pegoridhe. Apo majors uye lieutenant colonels vakagamuchira mashizha, tsika iyi yaisagona kupfuurira. Saka mashizha esirivheri anomiririra lieutenant colonels uye ndarama, majors. Nyaya yean lieenenants yakasiyana: Vatori vekutanga vaive vakapfeka mabhavha esirivha kwemakore makumi matatu vasati vanyengeri vemupiri vaine chero zvipfeko zvachose.
- Colonel inonzi " kernal " nokuti vaBritish vakagamuchira French spelling "colonel" asi kududzirwa kwechiSpanish " coronel " ndokubva vakuvadza kududzira.
- Kunyange zvazvo hurumende inokosha yakakosha, dzimwe nguva hazvina kuchenjera kuti uzvipfeke. Apo mhirizhonga yakashongedzwa yakatanga kuonekwa muHondo Yenyika, sharpshooters yakatarisa mahofisi. Mahofisi akakurumidza kudzidza kubvisa maitiro avo evanosvika pakurwisana.
- Air Air chaiyo yakatora vhoti pamakumbo avo akanyorwa. Muna 1948, ipapo-Air Force Vice Chief of Staff Gen. Hoyt Vandenberg vakatsvaga NCOs kuBolling Air Force Base muWashington uye 55 muzana yavo vakasarudza chigadzirwa chekare chakashandiswa nhasi.
Apo Air Force yakava basa rakasiyana muna 1947, yakachengetedza mauto ehurumende mazita uye mazita asi yakagamuchira mazita akasiyana-siyana uye maitiro.