Makambani makuru e-software, akafanana neGoogle, anopfuurira pasinei nehurumende dzepamusoro-soro mumapurogiramu ezvo, asi makambani maduku nekutangira havakwanisi iyo mararamiro.
Mitambo inotarisira michero kuti iite zvavanodaro pane peji rekutengesa, kana mumabhuku. Neine zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa kunze uko, havangambofungi nezvekukwira ngarava kana icho chigadzirwa chinodzinga nguva yavo nemari. Nokudaro, software inotarisana nematambudziko akaoma asati asunungurwa kuitira kuti:
kusimbisa kusiyana kwepfungwa yekutanga uye yekupedzisira
chengetedza software inoshandisa nzira iyo vavakadziri vakaronga
kutsigira kuguma kwechigadzirwa - chigadzirwa chinofanira kusangana nevatengi vanoda
chengeta zvinhu uye unhu
Kuedza kunotevera bhuku rakasimba. Izvi zvinovandudza kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinokosha-unyanzvi, nguva, uye mari, apo uchipa avo vanobatana nehunhu hunokosha kuti vatore icho chigadzirwa chiri mberi. Chinangwa ndechokugadzirira ruzivo rwakanaka rwevashandisi vekupedzisira kuburikidza nehutano hwehutano hwehutano . Nezvikamu zvakakwirira zvakadai, vatungamiri ve QA ndivo vamwe vevatori vepamusoro mu tech.Testing kazhinji anotevera matanho aya:
Chikonzero chekutsvakurudza apo mameneja anorondedzera chirongwa chekuisa nzira yakakodzera yekuedza panzvimbo.
Miedzo inotanga uye migumisiro inongororwa.
Chero zvikanganiso zvinoruramiswa, uye software inopinda kuburikidza nekuongororwa kuongorora - chirongwa chekutarisa purogiramu ichi chinoshanda mushure mekugadzirisa.
Mushumo wekuvhara mutsva unobva wanyatsotsanangura nzira yose nemigumisiro.
Software Testing Methods
Heano maitiro akasiyana-siyana anoshandiswa kutonga michina yekuita uye kushanda.
Black box and white box testing ndiyo nzira mbiri dzinokosha.
- Black box test - Uyewo inonzi inoshanda kana kuti yakatsanangurwa-based based test, iyi nzira inotarisa kubuda. Vaparidzi havasi nehanya nehumukati. Vanongotarisa software iyo inofanirwa kuita. Zivo yekodhi haifaniri kudiwa, uye vese vashandi vari kushandiswa kwevashandisi yepamusoro.
- White box testing - Iyi nzira inoshandisa ruzivo rwekodhi sechikamu chekuedza nzira. Apo chigadzirwa chinokundikana, vatendi vanoenda zvakadzama mumutsetse sezvinodiwa kuti vawane chikonzero. Vashandi vekugadzira zvinhu vanozviita ivo pachavo kubva pavanoona kuti chigadzirwa chacho chinoshanda sei. Sangano-rakagadzirwa uye girazi bhokisi kuongorora mamwe mazita emutambo uyu.
- Kuongorora kwakasimba - Vaparidzi vanoongorora purogiramu yepurogiramu uye zvinyorwa asi havaiti chirongwa chacho. Miedzo yakasimba inotangira kutanga kwekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa panguva yekuongorora.
- Kuedza kwakasimba - Izvo software inourawa nemitemo yakasiyana-siyana, uye vateri vanofananidza mitezo nehutarisiro hunotarisirwa nenzira iyi.
- GUI kuongorora - Iyi miedzo yeGI maitiro - mavara ekugadzirisa, mabhokisi mabhokisi, mabhotela, mazita, marongero, mavara, mafonti, masero emhando, nezvimwe zvakadaro. GUI kuongorora nguva inopedza, uye kambani-yechitatu-makambani anowanzotora basa pane vashandi.
Test level
Izvi zvakakosha kuziva nzvimbo dzisina simba uye dzinopindirana mune imwe nhanho yehupenyu hwekuvandudza hupenyu hupenyu.
- Chikwata chekuongorora - Vanokurudzira vanoongorora zvikamu zvakanyanya zvikamu zvekodha seklasi, interfaces, uye mabasa / maitiro. Vanoziva kuti code yavo inofanirwa kupindura sei uye inogona kugadzirisa zvichienderana nezvabuda.
- Kuenzanisa kuenzanisa - Mimwe mazita ndiwo mudzimu kana chirongwa chekuedza. Izvo zvakafanana neunoyera kuongorora asi ine chikwata chepamusoro chekubatanidzwa. Modules ye-software inoongororwa kuti irege kukanganisa kuratidza basa ravo pachavo.
- Kubatanidza kuedza - Izvi zvinoratidza zvikanganiso apo ma modules akabatanidzwa. Kusiyana kwekubatanidza miedzo kune pasi kumusoro, kumusoro kwepamusoro, uye kushanda kwekuwedzera.
- Kuongorora kweSystem - Zvikamu zvepurojekiti zvakaongororwa zvakazara munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana pamwe nenzira iyi. Inowira pasi pebhokisi bhokisi nenzira uye ndeimwe yezvidzidzo zvekupedzisira mune izvi. Inotarisa kana iyo sarudzo inoshanda sekufanirwa kusangana nebhizimisi uye zvinoshandiswa nevashandi.
- Alpha yekuedza - Vashandi vanoongorora vhidhiyo panzvimbo yeusununguri mune imwe nzvimbo yakarongeka kana chaiyo. Mushure mezvo, vashanduri vanogadzirisa zvikwata nezvimwe nyaya.
- Kuedza kweBeta - Kuzivikanwe semunda wekuedzwa pamwe chete, mutengi anoongorora chigadzirwa panzvimbo yavo pachavo mumamiriro chaiwo chaiwo. Mutengi anogona kupa boka revashandisi vekupedzisira mukana wekuedza software kuburikidza ne prerelease kana beta versions. Mhinduro pamusoro pekugadziridzwa kunogona kuendeswa kumusunguri.
- Kubvuma kuongororwa - Uyewo pasi pekutsvaga kwebhokisi rekutsvaga, shanduro yekuedza shanduro kuwana kuti kana mushambadziri akasika chirongwa chekuda zvinotsanangurwa.
Miedzo yekuedzwa
Izvi zviongorori zvepurogiramu zvinotarisa pane zvinangwa.
- Kuiswa kwekutsvaga - The software test engineer uye maneja wekugadzirisa achiita izvi kuedza kuti vashandi vese vanogona kugadzira nekushandisa purogiramu. Inobatanidza nzvimbo dzakadai sekuisa mafaira, nzvimbo dzekuisa, uye ropafadzo dzehutungamiri.
- Kuedza kuenderera mberi - Izvi zvinoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuona uye kudzivirira kukanganisa. Inosanganisira static code analysis, peer code review, traceability, uye metrics analysis. Chinangwa ichi ndecho kuderedza ngozi uye kuchengetedza mari.
- Usability test - User ruzivo runova pasi pechiedza ichi. Inotarisa kuti GUI yakagadzirwa zvakadini uye nyore nyore kushandiswa. Muedzo unoongorora kururama nekushanda kwemabasa uye mhinduro dzemanzwiro ekuongorora nyaya.
- Kuyera kwehutano - Izvi zvinoratidza kana software yacho yakakodzera nguva uye mari yekuenderera mberi nemimwe miedzo. Zvikanganiso zvakawanda zvakanyanya uye mimwe miedzo ine utsinye haiteveri.
- Smoke test - Smoke test inoratidzika kukanganisa kwakakosha zvakakwana kudzivirira kusunungurwa. Apo izvi zvinoitwa pane imwe imba inovaka, inonzi chirongwa chekuvaka kuvimbisa.
- Kuongorora kuongorora - Kana chirongwa ichi chichigadziriswa, kurongedza kuongororesa maitiro asingatarisiri. Inotaura zvinokonzera zvinokonzerwa pamamodules kana zvikamu.
- Kuedza kuparadza - Vapindi vekuisa mavoti maitiro asina kukodzera uye vanoona kukwanisa kwepurogiramu yekugadzirisa kuwanikwa kusingatarisirwi. Izvi zvinoratidza vateereri kuti rakasimba sei purogiramu iri pane kutadza kukanganisa.
- Kudzorera kuongororwa - Kana hardware kana mamwe mabasa akundikana, iyi yero inoratidza kuti software inogona sei kupora uye inoramba ichishanda.
- Automated testing - Izvi zvinogadzirisa zvinetso kushandiswa nemunhu. Inoshandisa purogiramu chaiyo kuti iite mimwe miedzo uye kuti ipe ruzivo pamusoro pemigumisiro chaiyo kana yakatarwa.
- Kubatirana Kuedzwa - Software inofanira kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekombiyuta, saka izvi zvinotarisana zvinoenderana nemitemo yakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, ino software inoshanda nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ekushanda uye web browser?
- Kuongororwa kwehutano - Ichi chiyero chakadzika-chekuongorora chinotarisa maitiro ehutano mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana. Mashoko pamusoro pekuteerera, kugadzikana, kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa, nekukurumidza kunounganidzwa. Uyezve, kuongororwa kwakafanana nehuwandu, simba, uye kuedza kwechikafu zvinotora chikamu munharaunda iyi.
- Kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengeteka - Izvi zvinoshandisa kukwanisa kwepurogiramu yekudzivirira kuchengeteka kwevashandi. Izvi zvinoreva mvumo yekuita basa, kuvimbiswa, kuchengetedzwa kwepachivande, kuvimbika, kuwanika, uye kusaramba.
- Kubvira kuedza - Izvi hazvisi zvakafanana nekugadzirisa kushandiswa. Izvi zvinotarisa kuti vashandisi vezviyananiso zvakasiyana-zvakadini -kudzidzira nekuremara kwepanyama kunosanganisira, vanogona kushandisa software.
- Kuongorora uye kuongororwa kwemunharaunda - Zviratidza zvinoratidza kuti software yacho inogona kuenderana sei nemitauro yakasiyana-siyana uye zvido zvemuganhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuwedzera zvikamu zvezvimwe nzvimbo uye kushandura rugwaro.
Kuongorora kwekushanda kwepurogiramu chikamu chinokosha chekuunza chigadzirwa kunotengesa. Uye kunze kwevaongorori, huwandu hwakawanda hwepurogiramu iripo hahuzovapo. Iva software yakagadziriswa tester kuburikidza nemasangano akaita saBBCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, ISTQB® (International International Testing Qualifications Board), uye ASQ (yaimbova American Society for Quality).