Record Industry Background
RIAA, iyo inopupurira goridhe uye platinum album yokutengesa, yakachengeta zvinyorwa zvegore negore rekutengesa kubva muna 1973.
Kushandisa iyo inowanika makore makumi mana nemakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mana, tinogona kutarisa kumashure kwemakore mashomanana nekururama uye kuona kuti kutanga pakutanga kwema1950 nekuiswa kwevinyl kwenguva refu-kuverenga zvinyorwa (LPs), chimwe chinhu chakakosha chakaitika. I-LP yakachinja chikamu chiduku chebhizimusi rekuvaraidza muna 1950 kusvika kune chaiva, muna 1973, behemoth ine zvishoma pasi pehafu yebhiriyoni maunenge akatengeswa.
Kukura kwacho kwakaenderera mberi kuburikidza nemakore ekuma1970, kupera muna 1999 nekutengesa kwemazana emabhiriyoni gumi. Asi chimwe chinhu chakaitika mukati memakore makumi manomwe, icho chaiva chekutengeswa kweLP, iyo yakakura yekutakura midzi muna 1971, yakaramba ichidarika kuburikidza nemakumi maviri emakumi anotevera kusvikira muna 1990 yaive iyo yakagadzirwa niche, yakatsiviwa nemakaseti uye, zvichiwedzera, maCD.
The Heyday of Liner Notes muma 1970s
Izvi zvinokosha, nokuti LP yakauya mune 12-inch square square pakapa, ichipa huwandu hwemasendimita masendimita makumi mana ehurukuro yemusangano pane chivharo chekushure chete chei zvingave zvakaita mufananidzo uye nekodhikoni kambani yaibvumirana nayo.
Nenguva dzose sekusati, nhoroondo dzehuwandu dzakaramba dzichienderera mberi pamubhandi webhuku - chivharo chekuchengetedza chakakwira mukati memuchivako cheLP.
Pakupedzisira, tsika iyi yakagadziriswa semakina emakona akawedzera kwenguva yakareba kuitira kuti pakupedzisira magwaro akawanda akanyorwa haana kuonekwa pachivharo chekushure asi pamubhodhoro webhuku - naizvozvo "liner notes." Aya manotsi ane ruzivo pamusoro pezvinyorwa - zvikwereti kune vose vanobatanidzwa mukurekodha, ruzivo pamusoro pekodhi rekodhi kubudisa rekodhi, ruzivo rwekodzero, uye dzimwe nguva, rwiyo rwiyo - pamwe nekukura kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hunoenderana nemimhanzi.
Zvemagariro uye Maitiro ezvematongerwo enyika paLiner Note Content
Izvi zvakakonzerwa nekuwedzera kwehutano hwekunamatira kune humwe hutsika hwakawedzera kukosha kwahwo-hwema1960 shanduko yehupfumi yakashandura mimhanzi kubva mumotokari isina mhosva yekuda zvekuda muna 1950 kuti ive simba rakasimba mune zvematongerwe enyika kusvika kuma1960.
Vanyori vanyori vekupera kwema makumi matanhatu nemakore ekutanga makumi manomwe, vakaita sevakawanda vevateereri vavo, vakatenda kuti chikamu chebasa ravo chaiva chokuchinja nyika. Huge hits se "Uyai Vanhu, Vose Vose Pamwe Zvino," yakanyorwa neThe YoungBloods, inowiridzirwa pop rekodhi yezvakanyorwa panguva. Bhuku guru reBy Dylan rakanyanya kupera kuma1960 nekutanga kwema1970-pamwe chete nekukosha kwezvigadzirwa zvepamhizha - zvakanyanya zvemashoko evanhu, sezvakange zvakaita vazhinji veMotown's greatest hits.
Munguva iyi yezvematongerwo enyika uye kusagadzikana kwevanhu, vatsoropodzi vemagariro evanhu uye vatsoropodzi vemimhanzi vakawana zvakanakira kuti nzvimbo yakanaka yekurira. Dhiyabhorosi Dhiyabhorosi 'Ralph Gleason akafananidzira. Gleason, uyo akabatana nemabasa ekutsoropodza kwemagariro evanhu, mutsoropodzi wemimhanzi, uye rekodhi yemabhizimusi anotengesa, akanyora zvakanyora, zvakanyorwa zvakanyora zvakanyora zvinyorwa kwete kungotaura zvaaifunga nezvemimhanzi yebhuku asiwo kujekesa nezvehutano hwevanhu / zvematongerwe enyika.
The Demise of the Liner Note
Pamusana pezvikonzero zvakabatana zvakananga nemamiriro ezvinhu akaunza huwandu hwemaser kuve akakurumbira, vakaramba zvakakosha uye vanoshandisa muma1980 uye vachienderera mberi izvo zvinoderera muzana remakore rechi21, umo mabhanhire anocherechedza - kusanganisira kwete zvinyorwa patafura, asi mune imwe ipi zvayo nzvimbo-yakanyanya kuoma uye kazhinji haisipo zvachose.
Pakazosvika 1980, nguva yeLP yakanga yakawanda. Zvinyorwa zveVinyl zviriko nhasi asi sechigadzirwa chechikafu. Muna 1980, motokari huru dzekuendesa mimhanzi kune vatengi dzakanga dziri itsva zviduku duku (kwete huru, yekutanga "8-track" chigadzirwa) uye maCD.
Zvose izvi zvinhu zviduku zvikuru. Kunyangwe CD yakakura ine anenge masendimita 25 masendimita emunzvimbo inowanika yezvinyorwa zvenyaya - yakagadzikana ye sonnet. Kunyange zvazvo mhinduro dzakawanda dzimwe nguva dzichienderera mberi mu "mabhuku eCD," akaisa mukati meCD, iyo nguva yenhepfenyuro yezvematongerwe enyika yakakosha yaiva yepamusoro
Kuderedza nzvimbo yakanga isiri iyo chikonzero chete. Pakazosvika ma1980, mhizha yekurekodha yakanga yave iyo yakabatanidzwa mune zvekudyidzana kwemadriyoni-dollar. Hakuna rimwe remakambani makuru - pakati pavo EMI, Group Warners , Sony, uye BMG - dzakashamisika, hazvishamisi, nevanhu vanoita zvematongerwo enyika / vezvematongerwo enyika nechinangwa mune zvematongerwe enyika. Vanyori, zvakare, vakatevera fomu ye depoliticizing. Rappers vakaramba vachibatanidzwa mune zvezvematongerwe enyika kupfuura vamwe vaimbi, asi mazano avo akanga aripo kune vose kuti vanzwe mumakumbo eNWA nevamwe vasingaverengeki. Vakanga vasingadi mapepa ematare.
Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nzvimbo dzepaimhanzi dzichienderera mberi dzichipa mavhidhiyo ekudhindwa kwehurukuro pamusoro pemimhanzi yavo, kazhinji, kukosha kwezvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvakaderera zvakatowedzera zvishoma pashure pemazuva makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemasere sezvo shanduko yakashandura zvakanyanya kudivi redhijiti nekudhinda.