Overview
ADS-B ndiyo nheyo ye FAA's Next Generation Transportation System (NextGen). Yakave yakagadzirirwa kubatsira kubvisa rudzi rwemhepo yakaronga kuti ive yakanyanyisa. Mhepo inofambisa nzira inozoita hurongwa huripo hwemazuva ano kuburikidza nekushandiswa kweNextGen, uye ADS-B ndiyo inonyanya kukosha.
Basa guru re ADS-B nderokupa ruzivo rwakakwana renzvimbo yezvikwata kune vatungamiriri vevatengesi vemhepo.
Ndiyo danho riri pamusoro peRADAR, iro rave richishandiswa kwemakore.
ADS-B inomirira Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast. Inoshandisa zviratidzo zvepa GPS kuti zviparidze mashoko ehurumende ichienderera mberi kuendesa vatungamiriri vemagetsi uye dzimwe ndege dzinobatanidzwa. ADS-B ndiyo yakanyatsotarisa kuongorora urongwa hwemabhiza emakambani akamboona. Ichaita kuti ndege dzifambe nemigwagwa yakajeka, kuvhara kusanganisa, kuderedza carbon emissions uye kuchengetedza vatori vengarava nguva nemari.
Components
GNSS Satellite Constellation: ADS-B inotenderera-sangano-based system. Dhiyabhorosi inoramba ichiendeswa kubva kune zvakagadzirirwa ma satellites kuenda kune imwe ndege iri padhigiramu GPS, iyo inoshandurwa uye yotumirwa ku-ADS-B zviteshi zvepasi.
Ground Stations: Pachava nezvivako zvingara 700 pasi muUnited States inogamuchira satanese data uye inotumira data kune air traffic control stations.
IFR Yakagadziriswa, WAAS- yakagamuchirwa GPS kugamuchira: Ndege dzinofanirwa kuva dzakagadzirirwa GPS inobvumirana neADS-B kushanda.
- A 1090 MHz Yakawedzerwa Squitter inoshandiswa ne Mode S transponder OR 978 MHz Universal Access Transceiver (UAS) iyo inoshandiswa nevekare iripo: Iyi yekupedzisira inowanikwa kune ndege dzinobhururuka pasi pemamiriyoni 18 muUnited States.
Iyo inoshanda sei
ADS-B inoshanda nekushandisa zviratidzo zve satellites uye ndege dzemapurogironi eponioni kuti dzidudzire dhizinesi yedhairi uye dziparidzire kune vatungamiri vemotokari dzenguva pfupi uye inenge nguva chaiyo-nguva.
Zviratidzo zvepaState zvinodudzirwa neine ndege yekugamuchira GPS. ADS-B yekombiyuta inotora data satellite uye mamwe mashoko kubva kune ndege dze avionics kugadzira mufananidzo wakajeka wenzvimbo yendege, nekukurumidza, kumusoro, uye kune dzimwe mimwe mitero 40. Iyi dhiyabhorosi inoparidzirwa kune chigaro chepasi uye zvakare kuendesa vatongi vemotokari. Zvimwe zvikwata zvakagadzirirwa zvakanaka munharaunda yacho zvichagamuchirawo data, zvichiwedzera kuwirirana kwemazvikokota kune vafambisi vezvikepe.
Pane mabasa maviri akasiyana eAdS-B: ADS-B In uye ADS-B Pasi.
- ADS-B Kunze kwekutanga uye basa guru iyo FAA yakataurira. Ndege inokwanisa ADS-B Out ine simba rekuparidzira nzvimbo yayo, nekukurumidza uye kumusoro kwevatariri vemagetsi uye dzimwe mhando dzeAIDS-B dzakagadzirirwa. Maererano nehurumende ye FAA, iyo ndege dzose dzinoda kubhururuka munzvimbo yekudenga iyo inoda kuti mutengesi inofanira kunge yakagadzirirwa ADS-B kunze kwezvakakwana pamberi paJanuary 1, 2020.
- ADS-B Muchiri chinhu chinogona kusarudzwa - zvishoma kusvika zvino. Iyo ADS-B Mukukwanisa ichabvumira ndege kuti dziwane magwagwa nemamiriro ezveshumo ruzivo munguva chaiyo-nguva pazviratiro zvebhendi. Iyo ADS-B Inoshanda inopfuura kumusoro uye mberi kwemaitiro emigwagwa nhasi (akadai seTCAS) sezvo inopa data yakanyatsonyatsodarika uye mamwe machirangaridzo emadarika kupfuura zvino maitiro eTCAS anoita. Somuenzaniso, TCAS inogona kuratidza kurema kwakananga kubva kune ndege asi kwete gareal. ADS-B Inotaridzika nekukurumidza, nzvimbo, kukwirira uye vecheno dzeimwe ndege dzinobatanidzwa, pamwe chete nedzimwe nhindi dzakawanda dze data.
Zvikanganiso uye Kukwana
Parizvino, iyo yakakosha zvikuru yeAdS-B ndiyo inodhura yekuisa zvigadziro zvinoshandiswa kunenge ndege dzose dziri munyika. Kunyange zvazvo purogiramu ichiita kuti ndege dzinofamba dzakachengetedzeka uye dzinoshanda, dzakawanda dzematare ekufambisa uye vanofambisa ndege veparigiramu vari kuve nenguva yakaoma yekururamisa mari.
ADS-B ine mashoma mashoma emamiriro ezvinhu; Kusiyana neizvi, inozivikanwa nokuda kwekuvimbika kwayo. Hakuna munhu-yakagadziriswa hupenzi-uchapupu, zvakadaro, uye dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoti ADS-B (uye GPS inowanzo) inogona kusvibiswa nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwakadai sevanokuvadza kana GPS kuputika. Uyezve, sezvo ADS-B inotsigirwa neGNSS system, zvikanganiso zvepaStaneti zvakadai sekukanganisa nguva uye satellite weather zvikanganiso zvinogona kukanganisa ADS-B.
Current Status
Maererano ne FAA, sangano rakapedza ma sensor network ADS-B.
Izvi zvipatara zvinopa mazamuro ehupfumi uye ruzivo rwemigwagwa kusvika kune ADS-B dzakakosha ndege kune zviyero 28 zveTATACON. Pamasero 230 eAATC, vanopfuura zana vari kushandisa ADS-B panguva ino, pamwe chete nevamwe vakatarisira kuti vakwanise kunyatsogadziriswa gore ra2019. FAA inomira nebasa rayo kuti ndege dzose dzinoshanda munzvimbo dzakasarudzwa dzomumhepo dzinofanira kunge dziri ADS-B Dziripo dzakagadzirwa naJanuary 1, 2020 .
Kushandisa Kushandisa
Pane kusava nechokwadi kunowanikwa pamhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo dzinodiwa kune ndege dzakasiyana siyana nevashandi. Iyo yekugadzirisa midziyo inopesana zvichienderana nerudzi rwekubhururuka uye ikozvino yakagadzirwa nemichina.
A 978 MHz UAS inoshandiswa, somuenzaniso, inokwana ndege inenge yakagadzirirwa, yeAIDS yakagadziriswa GPS unit uye neC Mode C transponder inenge yasimwa, kunze kwekuti mufambisi angada kuenda kunze kweUnited States kana kupfuura mamita 18 000, iyo iyo iyo ingano 1090 MHz ES link yaizodiwa. Asi iyo 1090 MHz ES ingano haikwirirani neTIS-B kana FIS-B, zvinoreva kuti mufambisi aifanira kuwana imwe nzira yekuwana ruzivo rwemigwagwa (yakadai seTCAS).
Uye uyo asingatombove neAAS-enabled GPS unit mundiza yake achafanira kutenga GPS itsva pamwe chete ne 978 MHz UAS kana 1090 MHz ES uye zvichida Mode C kana Mode S transponder.
Rimwe chete riri kushandiswa, ADS-B ibasa rinokosha, kupa ruzivo rwakakwana kune vatariri vemagetsi uye vatyairi vati tamboona. Kana zvichishandiswa munyika yose zvikomborero zvakanaka.
Hapana kukakavara, zvisinei, kuti ADS-B inodhura zvikuru uye yakaoma. I FAA inotarisira kuti nguva refu inobatsira ichawedzera kudhura, asi purojekiti inosiya vashandi vengarava munzvimbo yakaoma.