Kubva mumazana emakore, iyo miitiro yakaita basa rinokosha munhau yezvematongerwo enyika pasi rose.
Ikusununguka-yakagadziriswa yehutano hwemagariro evanhu yakashanda zvakanaka kwemazana emakore, zvikurukuru mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekumaruwa uye dzisina vanhu vakawanda. Zvisinei, kuma1800s uye kumavambo ekuma1800 vakaona kuwanda kwevanhu mumaguta makuru muUnited States neEngland. Mhirizhonga uye mhirizhonga yehurumende yaive yakajairika, uye yakava yakanyatsojeka kuti pakanga pane chido chekugara kwenguva refu uye unyanzvi hwekushandisa mitemo iyo inotakura hurumende yehurumende yehurumende.
Kutanga Kwemapurisa Emazuva Ano
Mafirosofi, masayendisiti uye avo vari munharaunda ichangobva kubuda yezvakaipa zvemhosva , kusanganisira nyanzvi yezvemitemo Jeremy Bentham neye acolytes, vakatanga kushevedza mapurisa ehurumende kuti vadzivirire vagari vemo uye kuchengetedza urongwa. Zvichida mutsigiri ane simba pane rimwe remapurisa aiva Sir Robert Peel, Mutungamiri weParamende uyo akashanda semunyori wekumba weUnited Kingdom muma1820.
Muna 1829, Peel akagadza Metropolitan Police Services muLondon. Nekugadzwa kwemapurisa eLondon, Peel yakave yakanyanya kutariswa nevanopomerwa mhosva uye vanyori venhau dzakafanana sababa vemazuva ano mapurisa. Mapurisa eBritain achiri kuzivikanwa se "Bobbies" mukuremekedza zita rake rokutanga, Robert.
Kutanga Kupesana Kwevanhu Vose kuMapurisa
Iko pfungwa yepakati penyika, mapurisa emapurisa aive akatengesa kutengesa pakutanga uye akabatanidzwa nehuwandu hwekudzivisa. Vanhu vose vaityira kuti mapurisa aizoita seimwe simba rehondo. Sezvakaguma, pakanga pasina kunzwisisa kunonzwisisika kubvumirana kuti kutungamirirwe nezvakawanda zvaifungidzirwa kuti zvichange zvichishanda.
Kuti akunde kushorwa uku, Peel inozivikanwa nekuisa hurumende yekuti mapurisa anofanira kunge akabatanidzwa uye sei mapurisa akanaka anofanira kuzvibata. Kunyange zvazvo pane nharo pamusoro pekuti akave akanyatsojekesa pfungwa dzake mumhando ipi zvayo yemhando yakarongwa, zvinowanzobvumirana kuti akasika izvo zviripo nhasi zvinofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo nheyo yepamusoro yepurisa .
Nheyo dzePurlicing: The Why and How of Policing
I "Peelian Principles," sezvavanowanzoidzwa, vachiomerera kuti:
- Chinangwa chemapurisa ndechekudzivirira kuparwa kwemhosva uye kuchengetedza urongwa.
- Mapurisa anotarisana nekugamuchirwa uye kuvimba kwevanhu kuitira kuti vaite mabasa avo.
- Icho chinangwa chepamusoro chemapurisa ndechokuita nekuzvidira kutevedza mutemo munharaunda.
- Mapurisa anofanira kunge asina kukanganisa mumabasa avo nekuteerera mutemo, kusasarura uye kudzivisa muedzo wekutungamirirwa nemaonero evanhu.
- Kushandiswa kwesimba uye kudzora muviri kunofanira kushandiswa senzira yekupedzisira, apo apo mamwe maitiro ekunyengetedza akundikana.
- Mapurisa anofanira kuyeuka kuti ivo, zvakare, vari nhengo dzevanhu uye kuti chinangwa chavo ndechekushumira nekudzivirira vanhu.
- Ichokwadi chiyero chekubudirira kwemapurisa haisi nhamba yekusungwa kana mapurisa anotorwa, asi kusavapo kwemhosva uye kukanganisa kwemutemo.
Kuwana Rutsigiro Ruzhinji rweMapurisa
Kuedza kwePeel kwakabudirira zvikuru pakuita kuti vanhu vaite kutya uye zvinetso. Mukuwedzera pamitemo yepurisa, Peel nevatsigiri vake vakatora mamwe matanho ekuti vaone kuti pakanga pane kusiyana kwakananga pakati pevashandi vezvemapurisa nehondo. Mapurisa akapfekedza yunifomu yebhuruu kusiyana nekusvibhenekera kwemauto eRoma. Vakarambidzwa kutakura zvombo, uye panguva dzose kukosha kwekuchengetedza hutende hwevanhu kwakashamiswa kune nhengo dzehondo.
Mapurisa Evolution muUnited States
Iyi pfungwa yemazuva ano mapurisa akawana nzira yayo kuenda kuUnited States, kunyange zvazvo yakanga isingashandisirwi nenzira imwecheteyo sezvaive muLondon. Pamusoro pezana remakore rakatevera uye kupfuura, pfungwa yekuita mapurisa yakashanduka kuUnited States Mazano nemafungiro aSir. Robert Peel uye vateveri vake vakatsanangurwa nemitemo yevashandi vemitemo pasi pose, pamwe nepo mahofisi nemapurisa anonyanya kufanana.
Basa Rakanaka Mumapurisa Emazuva Ano
Ndinotenda zvikuru mune zvimwe zvekuedza kwevarume saSir Robert Peel, munda wezvakaipa zvekupomerwa mhosva yakawedzera zvikuru, kuronga nzira yezvitsva zvitsva nekugadzirisa mikana mitsva yekubatsiridza mabasa mukutonga kwemitemo uye kutonga kwemhosva .