Sezvo nyika yehurumende inoshanduka inoshanduka, FAA ichave ichishandisa hutaneti hutsva hutsva . Imwe yehurongwa hwekutanga huri kushandiswa mukati mePAA's NextGen chirongwa ADS-B, iyo inomiririra Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast. Mukuedza kushandura mitambo, FAA iri kushandisa ADS-B senzira inonyanya kushandisa yekufambisa ndege dzose mukati mehurumende yenyika.
Kunyange zvazvo ADS-B inenge ichishanda muzhinji o United States, kunezve mibvunzo pamusoro pengozi uye mari inobatanidzwa.
Basa reAdS-B
Munguva yemberi iri pedyo, inyanzvi yekufambisa ndege ichakumbirwa kugamuchira pfungwa yekusununguka kusununguka, nzira yekuderedza mhepo yekufambisa kwemhepo kuburikidza nekushandisa ADS-B. Dare re ADS-B rinowedzerawo kuderedza mutyairi uye mutungamiriri wekushanda basa uye inopa nzira yakajeka yezvikwata, kuchengetedza mari nenguva munguva yebhodhi.
Kwemakore, mhepo yekudzora mitemo yehurumende muUnited States yakatambura nekusaziva. Iko hurongwa huri kuramba huchiwedzera kuwedzera kwekuda kwevatengi uyewo kunonoka.
Mutsara we2009, FAA yakati, "Pasina NextGen pachava ne gridlock mudenga. Pakazosvika 2022, FAA inofungidzira kuti kukanganisa uku kwaizodhura mari yeUnited States $ 22 mabhiriyoni gore negore mumararamiro akarasika. Nhamba iyoyo inokura kudarika madhora makumi mana emadhora makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemana (2033) kana 2033 kana ndege yekutakura isiri kushandurwa. "
Basa re ADS-B system yakazara. Sangano rinoshandisa yakajeka GPS-based ground uye air surveillance kupa vaparidzi nevatyairi vengarava nemashoko chaiwo, chaiwo-nguva. Iyi dheta, yakajeka kupfuura radar pachayo, inogona kushandiswa kuderedza kuparadzana pakati pemakwikwi, kuwedzerwa kuchengeteka uye kupa migwagwa yakajeka yezvikwata.
Mukuwedzera, nguva chaiyo yemigwagwa nemamiriro emamiriro okunze achapiwa munhandare yekufambisa, mune dzimwe nguva pasina mari kumunhu.
ADS-B inoshandisa ndege-based-transponder (Mode S), iyo inoshandiswa pasi rose satellite satellite (GNSS), uye zvivako zvepasi zvinotarisa kukurumidza, kukurumidza uye kutarira ndege. Mashoko aya anobva adzorerwa kubva mundiza kuenda kune ndege uye kubva kune ndege kuenda kune vatongi kana nzvimbo yepasi, pamwe chete nemamwe mapato anobata.
Ngozi Dzokuchengetedza
Pasi pose, chirongwa che ADS-B ndechekuvandudza kukuru kwehupenyu hwedu hwemhepo. Asi hazvisi pangozi. Neyemazuva ano radar system isinganyanyi kuisa pangozi, yakarurama yevashandi vehurongwa, kufamba kune imwe nzira itsva inounza mibvunzo yekuvimbika, njodzi dzekuchengeteka uye mari. Ndezvipi mibvunzo uye njodzi, uye zvakaderedzwa kusvika pamagariro anogamuchirwa here?
Kunyange zvazvo FAA yakaratidza kuti chigumisiro chekupedzisira chichava chekuchengeteka, zvisina kufanira kufamba kwemafambiro emhepo, uye vakagadzira tsvakurudzo kuti vatsigire chimiro chavo, ivo vachafanira kuramba vachiongorora nekudzokororazve chirongwa kubva pakachengeteka maonero. Kubudirira kweimwe nzira itsva inogona kuunza zvikanganiso zvisingazivikanwi uye njodzi.
Kune ADS-B, zvinetso izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Kudzidziswa uye zvinhu zvevanhu
- GPS kukundikana
- Avionics malfunctions
- Nyaya dzekuchengeteka.
Nyaya idzi hadzichagadziriswa zvachose, asi dzakaratidzwa sezvipingamupinyi uye zviyero zvakatorwa kuti kuderedza dambudziko ravo nekukwanisika. Chidzidzo che2000 chakazadzisa chimiro chekuchengetedza kunotangira kuenzaniswa maererano nehutano sehuwandu, uye akawana dambudziko rekugadzirisa "rinotungamirirwa kune imwe nzvimbo inogamuchirwa."
Pakutanga kwekuvandudzwa kweADS-B, Capstone System Safety Working Group yakasimbiswa kuburikidza ne FAA kuti ipe hutsvakurudzo hunodiwa uye kutanga kwehutano kuongorora ADS-B. Dambudziko rakatemwa rinosanganisira zvinotevera:
Human Factors
- Kuvhiringidzika uye kurasikirwa kwekuzivikanwa mumamiriro ezvinhu
- Kushandiswa zvisina kukodzera kweAponioni
- Pilot procedural errors
- Kugadzirisa nyaya neAATC
- Kurasikirwa kwekusimudzirwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu kunokonzerwa nekuwanda kwe "misoro-pasi" nguva
Ground System Risks
- Kukanganisa kwekudzivirira
- Kurasikirwa kwekutaurirana
- Kusagadzikana
Avionics Kusakundikana
GPS Zvikanganiso
Mamiriro ekunze, migwagwa uye nzvimbo dzisina kukodzera
- Kusava nekuvhara
- Zviitiko zvishoma
- Kupera kwekuteerera zviteshi
Zvokuchengetedza zvinokanganisa
- Spoofing, jamming uye masking
Pamusoro pezvizhinji, njodzi idzi dzakatsvakurudzwa, kuongororwa, kuderedzwa uye kugamuchirwa. Asi imwe yenjodzi huru inobatanidza ADS-B ichiripo: Mhosva yevanhu. Kana mutyairi wacho asinganzwisisi zvakakwana nemidziyo yaanoshandisa, urongwa hunova dambudziko panzvimbo yebatsiro. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti hurongwa hwepurovoniki yakakosha hunoda zvakadzidziswa kudzidziswa uye kunzwisisa kune vashandi kuti vashandise zvakachengeteka, uye vazhinji vanofambisa havazobvuma nokuzvidira kudzidziswa kwavanoda kuti vabhurane nemaoko neAIDS-B. Uye iyo FAA's ADS-B mvumo yekuti ndege dzose dzive dzakagadzirirwa ADS-B ne2020 dzichanyanya kuwedzera mari uye njodzi dzinobatanidza neyamapikoniki yepamusoro uye kukanganisa kwevanhu.
Basa reCapstone rakatarisa kuti misoro yakawanda-nguva yakawedzerwa painoshandisa ADS-B inogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwemaitiro ekuziva, uye kuti kunyange zvazvo njodzi inogona kunge isingawaniki munyaya iyi, njodzi inoguma ingangodaro yakaipa. Iyi ingozi inoramba iripo icharamba iri dambudziko kune vashandisi ve ADS-B sezvainova kuwedzera kuwedzerwa kunyika inobhururuka. Vashandi vechibharo vanofanira kubvuma mutoro wekudzikisa dambudziko iri nekuita nekukwanisa kuburikidza nekudzidziswa nekuziva.
Kana zvose zvataurwa uye zvaitwa, ADS-B inowedzera kuchengeteka, inobudirira kune imwe nyika ye airspace system. Asi sezvinodiwa chero ipi zvayo yevashandi kana avionics system, inongova yakachengeteka chete iyo inoshanda.