Ichi Ndicho Chibvumirano Chebasa reHashandi kubva kuMushandi weKusarudza
Usashamisika zvakare kana hurumende yeHurumende ichikwira pamusoro pechechi uye inotanga kutongerwa kubhadhara mazuva anorwara kuvashandi. Uye, hongu, sezvimwe zvose zviremera zvinoshanda, kutevedza kuchave kwakanyangadza uye kunodhura kune vashandi-kunyange vashandi avo varipo zvino kupa mubhadharo wekurwara kune vashandi.
Vanorwara vanosiya zvikwereti zvose kumushandi uye mushandi anorwara. Kurwara kunoenda kunoshandiswa apo mushandi anorwara kwenguva pfupi uye kuuya kushanda kunogona kuunza kuparadzirwa kune vamwe vashandi.
Varwere vanosiya zvinobatsirawo mushandi uyo asingazokwanisi kushanda zvakanaka kuburikidza nekurwara. Inobvumira mushandi kuti atore nguva yekuzvidzivirira uye yekurapa.
Zvichida, kubhadhara mari yezororo inopa nguva iyo vashandi vanoda kutsvaga kurapwa kwehutano hwavo ikozvino kana zvichidiwa, zvakare.
Mamwe masangano anobvumira kushandiswa kwezororo rekurwara kutarisira nhengo dzemhuri dzinorwara, uye mhedziso yemutemo iyezvino inoda izvi mumatambudziko akawanda. Munguva yakapfuura, kuwanda kwezorwere rekuenda kwaiwanzowanika nevashandi zvichienderana nemakore ekushandira kusangano uye nehuwandu hwenzvimbo yavo. Mamwe makambani akasarudza kuchengetedza kurwara kwemaawa nyore - mumwe mushandi akawana mukana wakafanana wezororo rekuenda.
Mukurindira uye kupfuura mitemo, inotaura seCalifornia, zvisinei, iri kutumira kuti mubhadhadzi aripe imwe nguva yekurapa kurwara kwemaawa makumi matatu oga oga mushandi anoshanda.
Coverage inowanikwawo kune vamwe venguva uye vashandi venguva pfupi .
Iyo inofananidzwa nemavhareji emazuva 8.0 ari kubhadharwa iye zvino nevashandirwi kune vashandi vane imwe nhamba yezuva rakapiwa mushure mokupedzwa kwebasa rinoratidzwa kana kuwedzerwa mumakore anotevera.
Kwevashandi vegore vashanu, mazuva anosvetuka kusvika 9,5 uye mushure memakore makumi maviri nemashanu, mushandi anogamuchira mazuva 10.9, paavhareji.
Kune, hongu, zvisizvo, kusiyana kwakabva kune rudzi rwebasa. Vashandi, technic, clerical, uye vashandi vanotengesa vanowanikwa, pamwero, mamwe mazororo, maererano neBusiness of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Mamwe makambani anosarudza nguva yekubhadhara (PTO) inotora chirwere chekuenda, mazuva ezororo , uye mazuva ega ega kubhangi rimwe remazuva iro vashandi vanoshandisa pakuziva kwavo. Kukurukurirana pamusoro pekugadzirisa zvakakosha kunobhadhara muzororo rerwere mune PTO system yakatanga.
Kurapa Kurwara muLisislative Microscope
Kunyange zvazvo pasina mitemo yeRussia muUnited States inoda kuti mushandirwi ape mubhadharo wekurapa ikozvino, vashandi vekusarudza kupa vashandi vanorayira kurwara kwechirongwa sechikamu chekubatsira kwakakwana . Sezvambotaurwa, mutemo unorayira vashandi kubhadhara hosha yekurwara uri pasi pekuongorora mune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda uye mhirizhonga uye kuZimbabwe.
San Francisco (2007) ndiyo yaiva nzvimbo yekutanga kuU.S. kuudza vashandi kupa mvumo yekurwara yakabhadharwa. Kupera kwechirwere cherwere chinotarisirwa munyika inotarisirwa; munyika yose, nyika zhinji dzinoda kubhadhara muzororo rinorwara kubva pamazuva mashanu kusvika ku30.
Zvichida kubhadhara zororo rinorwara kana PTO , rinotarisirwa mune dzakawanda maindasitiri sechikamu chekubatsira kwakakwana. Mapoka makuru emashandi asina kuvharwa nemararamiro ekuenda kwezororo ndeyevashandi venguva yakawanda nevashandi mubhizimusi rebasa.
Iro yehuwandu hwevashandi veUnited States vanogamuchira mubhadharo wekurwara, maererano neB BLS chidzidzo munaMarch 2015:
- 98 muzana yevashandi venguva yakazara muhurumende nehurumende.
- 42 muzana yevashandi venguva-pfupi muhurumende nehurumende nepamunharaunda vakange vabhadhara mazuva ekurwara.
- 65 muzana yevashandi vose muUnited States.
- 84-88 kubva muzana yevashandi vaiva nekwanisi yekubhadhara zororo rerwere muhutungamiri, vadzidzisi uye nzvimbo dzakabatana.
- 24 muzana yevashandi venguva yakazara nevashandirwi mubhizimusi rebasa (45 kubva muzana) vakanga vasingakwanisi kubhadhara kurwara kwezororo.
Vashandi vanogona kugamuchira mamwe marudzi ezororo rakabhadharwa.
Uyewo inozivikanwa Sekubhadharwa nguva iripo (PTO), yakabhadhara mazuva anorwara