Tsvaga Mabasa muSnownsic Science

by Timothy Roufa

Zvisarudzo zvinowedzera muZvirevo zveNhepfenyuro

Saka iwe wakangopedza kuona chikamu cheBones kana CSI uye ikozvino uri kushamisika kuti unogona kupinda sei pane forensic sayenzi chiito. Kana, zviri nani zvakadaro, iwe wakagadzira chido chekugadzirisa matambudziko uye kuda masayenzi echisikigo uye nzira yesayenzi, uye iwe unoda kuwana nzira yekushandisa ruzivo irworwo mukurwa nekugadzirisa mhosva. Kana izvi zvichitsanangurira iwe, ipapo basa mune shanduro yezvesayenzi ingangodaro iri basa rakakwana rekupomerwa mhosva iwe.

Izwi rokuti " forensic scientist " haritsananguri rimwe rukudzo rwebasa rimwe chete, asi pane ruzivo rwezvimwe zvesayenzi zvinoshandisa unyanzvi hwavo uye kuzvishandisa kumibvunzo yepamutemo. Muzvokwadi, "forensics" zvinongoreva "zvekuita nemibvunzo yemutemo," kuitira kuti zvese chero chirango chinogona kufungidzirwa se "forensic" kana chinoshandiswa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa utsotsi kana matare.

Ndiyo mashoko akanaka nokuti pose pane zvaunofarira, pane chokwadi kuti iwe uri chirango chinokufanirwa newe. Kukubatsira kuti unzwisise kuti ndezvipi zvehumwe huripo, pane urongwa hwevamwe vanozivikanwa uye vanofarira masayendisiti ezvesayenzi mabasa .

01 Forensic Scientific Technician

Forensic scientists technicians ndevashandisi vevashandi vesayenzi yezvesayenzi field. Vanobatsira mukuunganidzwa kwehuchapupu, mufambiro wekuongorora uye kubatsirwa kutsvaga zviitiko zvemhosva. Kakawanda kunonzi mapurisa anoona nezvemhosva kana kuti mapurisa emamiriro ezvinhu emhosva, avo vanoongorora masayendisiti masayenzi vanoita zvakawanda zvebasa ravo pane imwe nzvimbo kana mu laboratori. Ivo vakanyatsodzidziswa muuchapupu kuunganidzwa uye vanofanira kunge vane ziso rehuwandu. Vanogona kupawo rubatsiro kune mamwe masayendisiti ehurumende uye anogona kushanda sekubatana kune dzimwe nyanzvi. Forensic technicians technicians vanogona kuwana pakati pe $ 32,000 ne $ 83,000 pagore.

02 Bloodstain Pattern Analyst

Yakaparidzirwa neterevhizheni series Dexter , vanoongorora maitiro ekutevedzera ropa vanoita izvo zvinyorwa zvebasa zvinoratidza: vanoongorora maitiro muropa kuti vabatsire kuwana zvinyorwa zvinokosha pamusoro pemhosva dzakasiyana-siyana. Kazhinji zvinonzi sevasati vaparadzira ropa, nyanzvi yekuongorora ropa yemaitiro inyanzvi yevashandi vezvesayenzi vanoita zvepamusoro pezvakaipa zvemhosva zvechisimba. Kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwekudonha, kupera, spatters uye madonhwe, vanogona kubatsira kuongorora rudzi rwechirwere chakashandiswa, kana kuti kwete kurwa, kwakaitwa kufamba kune munhu akaurayiwa kana kuti akafungidzirwa, uyo ndiye aiva mukuru wehurumende uye kana kwete maronda kuzvidzora. Kungofanana nedzimwe nyanzvi dzezvesayenzi dzehutano, ropastain pattern vaongorori vanogona kuwana pakati pe $ 32,000 ne $ 83,000 pagore.

03 Forensic Ballistics Expert

Njn / Wikimedia Commons / Creative Commons

Apo vatsvaki vanoda rubatsiro kutora bhota kumashure pfuti kana kuti kuziva chimiro chepfuti inoshandiswa, vanodana ku forensic ballistics nyanzvi. Iyi nyanzvi mune zvinhu zvose zvine chokuita nemabhururu inopa kukosha kwakanyanya pane zviitiko zvakaoma, kubatsira vatsvakurudzi kuti vaone nzira yekudzingwa kune imwe nzvimbo kuti iwane chinangwa chinobva. Forensic ballistics nyanzvi dzinogona kuziva kuti rudzi rwebhuti rwakashandiswa chii, runyararo rwayo uye kunyange kwaive rwakagadzirwa. Ivo vanogonawo kuongorora kana bhuti risina kubviswa munguva pfupi uye zvakare kana kuti kwete chikwata chakati chadzingwa nepfuti. Forensic mabhururu nyanzvi dzinogona kutarisira kuwana pakati pe $ 30,000 ne $ 80,000 pagore.

04 Forensic DNA Analyst

James Tourtellotte / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) kuongororwa iri kuwedzera mukurumbira mucheminology uye nesayenzi yezvesayenzi. Nemhaka yokuti DNA ine mazita ekunyora maitiro anoita kuti isu, zvakanaka, isu, inofanirwa kuva nekwanisi kupa se-kufanira-kusvika-kujekesa zvakakwana sezvinobvira, zvakanyatsojeka kudarika kunyora minwe. DNA vatsvakurudzi vanofananidza DNA samples inotorwa kubva kune vanokanganisa nevanoshungurudzwa kuti vaone kana kana mumwe munhu aivepo pane imwe mhosva yemhosva, angave akaitawo mukusangana kwechisimba uye chero umwe mubvunzo wekuzivikanwa kana muenzaniso uripo. DNA vatsvakurudzi vanogonawo kufananidza zvidzidzo zvisingazivikanwi kune zvinyorwa zvekutsvaga avo vanofungidzirwa. DNA vaongorori vanogona kutarisira kuwana pakati pe $ 30,000 ne $ 80,000 pagore.

05 Polygraph Muongorori

Kunyange zvazvo polygrafu isingagamuchirwi mumatare, kuongorora kwepolgraph inoramba iri chinhu chinobatsira pakugadzirisa mhosva uye kuongorora unyengeri kubva kune vanokanganisa uye zvapupu. Vaongorori vePolgraph vakanyatsodzidziswa kuitisa miedzo vachishandisa "nhema detector" uye vanopa kuongorora kwemigumisiro. Vaongorori vePolgraph vanodzidziswa kwenguva refu kuti vadzidze unyanzvi hwavo, uye ivo vanowanzoshandiswa mukati mekutsvaga kwekutonga kwevashandi vomutemo. Vaongorori vePolgraph vanogona kushanda kumatare edzimhosva kana semakambani ehurumende, uye mabasa avo anowanzoshandiswa panguva yekuongorora maitiro ekuita mabasa akawanda akaoma. Paavhareji, vataridzi vepa polygraph vanogona kuwana mari inenge $ 56,00 pagore.

06 Forensic Documents Muongorori

Forensic - kana kubvunzwa - zvinyorwa zvevanyori zvinoshandiswa kuenzanisa zvinyorwa zvekunyoresa, kutsanangura mavambo emagwaro uye kuona rusununguko. Vanoshandisa ruzivo rwavo kuti vaone kushandiswa kwezvibvumirano, cheki, zvinyorwa zvebhangi nemamwe magwaro uye zvinyorwa zvemagetsi. Vanogonawo kugona kushandiswa kwesigniniti kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwechinyorwa uye kunyange kuziva nguva yakaenzana yedhipatimendi. Forensic zvinyorwa vanoongorora vanofanira kudzidza kudzidzira, uye inogona kushandiswa nevanopindira vega kana masangano ehurumende. Kazhinji kacho, magwaro ekuongorora mapurisa anobatsira mu "mapirisa machena" uye anoshanda nenyanzvi dzedunhu uye vanyori vezvemhosva. Mubhadharo uye kuwana mari yezvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvingasiyana zvakasiyana zvichienderana nevanoshandira uye nehutano hwehutano.

07 Digital Forensics Experts uye Forensic Computer Investigators

jon crel / Flickr / Creative Commons Attribution 2.0

Iye zvino kupfuura kare kose, digital and computer forensics iri kuve inzvimbo yakakosha uye in-inoda. Sezvatinoshandisa makombiyuta uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kakawanda, vatadzi varikusiyawo mamwe mabhuku uye magetsi eminwe. Mukuwedzera, kutyora kwepabonde iri dambudziko rinowedzera, pamwe nekushungurudzwa kwevana uye mamwe maitiro akafanana ehupombwe akawana musha paIndaneti. Forensic muongorori vekombiyuta vanodzidziswa kuchengetedza dhiyabhorosi kubva kumarudzi ose emunzvimbo, kusanganisira kuparadzwa uye kupukunywa mabheji akaoma, mafoni, mapiritsi nemamwe maikirwe emakombiyuta. Uhu huwandu hwemashoko hwavanowana hunogona kuva hunokosha mukubudirira kupomerwa kwemhosva dzemagetsi. Forensic muongorori vekombiyuta vanogona kushanda kumatare ekuchengetedza mitemo kana kuti pane zvimbiso, uye kukwanisa kwavo kuwana mari yakakura kwazvo nekuda kwekuwedzera kudiwa.

08 Forensic Toxicologist

CAMIOKC / Wikimedia Commons / Creative Commons

VaGiriki vekare ndivo avo vokutanga kutarisa zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana uye zviratidzo zvehupfu, uye ndivo vaiva vanhu vekutanga vanozivikanwa kuti vaone kuurayiwa nehupfu hunokonzerwa nekukwanisa uku. Kubva panguva iyo, munda wehutsotsi hwakagadzirwa uye wakachinja zvikuru. Mazuva ano, vezvepayipi vanoongorora nyanzvi vanobatsira vanoongorora kuti zvikonzero zvekufa zvinosanganisira chepfu, makemikari, uye zvinodhaka. Vanobatsira mukushushikana kweDI uye DWI vakasungwa uye vanogona kuona kuvepo kwezvinodhaka kana doro mumushushi kana muropa remvura. Zvinoshandiswa kune zvinodhaka zvinofanira kuve zvakanyatsonzwisisa zvemakemikari, biology kana zvichida zvose zviri zviviri, uyewo ruzivo rwemapromacology.

09 Forensic Accountant

Pasinei nekuzivikanwa kwavo uye kuzivikanwa kwehukama hwehutongerwo hwemhosva, vamwe vatungamiri vezvematongerwo enyika veUnited States vakapedzisira vaiswa kururamisiro kuburikidza nemari uye kukanganisa kwemitero. Vokutanga mabhuku ezvokutungamirira vaibatsira pakubudirira kupomerwa kwekuda kweAl Capone. Forensic accountants anonyanya kuzivikanwa mumatambudziko emari uye anodzidziswa kutevera mari inotevera. Sezvo vatsvene-mapoka emhosva zviri kuwedzera, vanyori vezvemhosva vanoshanda kuneta ushu hwenyoro uye vanobatsira kuchengetedza mabhengi edu ebhangi. Vashandi vezvenhau vanoongorora mazano vanobatsirawo matareji mukuongorora mibairo nekukuvadza uye kuziva nekutsvaga vashandi vehugandanga. Vashandi vezvenhau vanogona kuwana mari inodarika $ 100,000 pagore uye vanofanira kunge vane zvishoma pachikoro chebhizimisi mune zvemari kana kuverenga.

10 Forensic Anthropologist

Pp391 / Wikimedia Commons / Creative Commons

Mhosva dzepamusoro uye mahombekombe anotonhora zvinoshevedza unyanzvi hwomumwe munhu anonyanya kuzivikanwa nezvekusarudzwa kwevanhu. Nokudzidza zvakasara zvakasara uye zvirwere, masayendisiti anokwanisa kusarudza zera, zvepabonde uye uremu hweakabatwa, pamwe nemhando dzekukuvadzwa kwaakagamuchira uye chinokonzera rufu. Forensic anthropologists vanowanzoshanda pamakoroji nemayunivhesiti uye vanopa rubatsiro kune zvimiso zvepamutemo zvinoshandiswa pane zvinodiwa, zvibvumirano. Forensic anthropologists vanowanzobata chiremba kana chiremba muyanzvi mune zvenyama uye vanogona kutarisira kuwana pakati pe $ 70,000 ne $ 80,000 pagore.

11 Forensic Odontologist

Cpl. James P. Johnson, US Army / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain

Kune dzimwe nguva apo kuiswa kweDNA hakugoni kushandiswa, uye kudhindwa kweminwe hakugoneki. Apo kunyanya kuparwa kwemhosva kunowanzoitika, kana panguva yekuurawa kwezviitiko zvinowanzoitika, forensic odontologists anoshandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemazino isu tose tinofanirwa kuziva vanhu vakasara. Vanogonawo kuongorora zviratidzo zvekurova uye kuenzanisa nezviyero kuti vabatsire kuziva avo vanopomerwa uye vanofungidzirwa, pamwe chete nevanotsvakurudza rubatsiro, vanoona kana kukuvadzwa kunodzivirira kana kuti kunogumbura. Forensic odontologists vane doctorates mukuvhiya mazino kana mishonga yemeno uye kazhinji vanoita maitiro ekurapa mazino uye kuita mabasa ekufanirwa kwepamusoro kuwedzera kune maitiro avo emeno. Forensic odontologists vanogona kuwana mari inopfuura $ 100,000 pagore.

12 Forensic Psychologist

Forensic psychologists inopa rubatsiro rwepfungwa uye kuongororwa kune zvikamu zvose zvehutongi hwehurumende. Kubva pajeri rinosangana nekupa mazano kujeri, vanoongorora nezvepfungwa vanoita basa rinokosha pakugadzirisa, matare uye kushandiswa kwemitemo. Vanotsvaga zvimhosva zvekushungurudzwa kwevana, kuongororwa nevatambudzi, zvipupuriro uye vanopomerwa kuti vave vechokwadi uye vane unyanzvi, uye vanobatsira vatongi vanoona kana munhu ane mhosva angakwanisa kutongwa. Forensic psychologists vanoitawo basa rinokosha rekuongorora kushanda kwepamutemo kwepamutemo panguva yekubhadhara. Paavhareji, vezvepfungwa vanoongorora nezvepfungwa vanowana madhora 57 000 pagore, asi mibare inokanganisa zvikuru zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezvedzidzo, unyanzvi, uye mushandi.

13 Forensic Pathologist

Linda Bartlett / National Cancer Institute / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain

Forensic pathologist inopa imwe yezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru zvikamu zvekupomerwa kupi zvako kwekuuraya munhu: chikonzero chekufa. Uyewo anozivikanwa sevayori vezvokurapa, forensic pathologists vanoshandisa kurapwa kwavo kwehutano kuti vaone kuti, kana pane, kukuvadzwa kunouraya. Vanogonawo kubatsira vabvunzidzi kudzidza rudzi rwechirwere chakashandiswa uye nguva inenge yakatarwa iyo akaurayiwa akafa. Nokugadzirisa chinokonzera rufu, vanachiremba vanoita basa rinokosha pakudzidza kana kwete mhosva yakatoitika kunyange, kutanga. Forensic pathologists vanachiremba uye vanogona kuwana mari inopfuura $ 200,000 pagore.