Bhizimisi Vakadzi Munzvimbo Yebasa
Ndinorumbidza uye kurumbidza kubudirira kwebasa revakadzi vebhizimisi aya uye vanotarisira vanhu vose vanodzidza kubva pauchenjeri hwavo uye kubudirira. Zvechokwadi, vamwe vevakadzi ava vane maqamba angu.
Dombo pamusoro!
Zvisinei, chii chiri kuitika kune vamwe vakadzi vose mubasa? Chinonyanya kukosha, chii chichaitika mune ramangwana revakadzi vebhizimisi kubasa?
Iwe unoda kuziva here kuti vakadzi vakadzivei iye zvino uye kuti chii chichaitika kune vakadzi nebasa? Ngatishongedzere bhora rekristol uye tiite zvishoma zvichange zvichitaura zvichienderana nematare zvino uye maitiro pamusoro pevakadzi nebasa. Ini ndichakuratidza iwe ikozvino uye zvinoverengera uye kurukura nezveramangwana revakadzi nebasa. Iniwo ndichakurudzira zvinangwa uye mazano ekubatsira vabatsiri kuti varambe vachiita izvi kubudirira kwevakadzi kumabasa. Verenga pamusoro.
Zvii Zvikamu zvevakadzi Vakashanda?
Current:
"Muna 1950 pamusoro pevakadzi vatatu vakabatanidzwa mubasa revanhu.Vakazosvika muna 1998, vanenge vatatu vevakadzi vese vashanu vemazera ekushanda vaiva mubasa revaranda.Vamwe vakadzi vane makore 16 nepamusoro, achienzaniswa ne59,8 muzana muna 1998.
63.3 muzana yevakadzi vane makore 16 kusvika ku24 vakashanda muna 1998 kusvika kune 43.9 muzana muna 1950.
76,3 muzana yevakadzi vane makore 25 kusvika ku34 vakashanda muna 1998 kusvika 34.0 muzana muna 1950.
77.1 muzana yevakadzi vane makore 35 kusvika ku44 vakashanda muna 1998 kusvika 39.1 muzana muna 1950.
76.2 muzana yevakadzi vane makore 45 kusvika 54 vakashanda muna 1998 zvichienderana ne37.9% muna 1950.
51.2 muzana yevakadzi vane makore 55 kusvika ku64 vakashanda muna 1998 kusvika pa27 muzana muna 1950.
8,6 muzana yevakadzi vane makore makumi matanhatu nemasere, vakashanda muna 1998 vachienzanisa ne9,7 muzana muna 1950.
Mucho: US Department of Labor: Kuchinja kweKubata Kwevakadzi
Current:
"Sezvo vakadzi vakawanda vakawedzerwa kune vashandi, mugove wavo uchaswedera kune wevarume." Muna 2008, vakadzi vacharamba vanenge 48 muzana yevashandi uye varume 52 muzana. Muna 1988, zvikamu izvi zvaive makumi mashanu nemashanu uye 55 muzana. "
Mhedziso: US Department of Labor: Chikamu chevakadzi veSvondo
Vakadzi uye Absenceeism
Current:
Sezvaunogona kutarisira nekuda kwemamiriro emhuri uye emhuri, "muna 1998, vanenge 4 muzana yevashandi venguva yakazara vakanga vasipo pabasa ravo mukati mevhiki yevhiki yebasa - kureva kuti vakashanda maawa masere makumi matatu muvhiki nekuda kwekukuvadzwa, kurwara, kana zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvevakadzi (kusanganisira 5.6 muzana yevakadzi vane makore 20 kusvika ku24) vakanga vasipo mumavhareji vhiki, vachienzaniswa ne2,7 muzana yevarume Pakati pavo vasipo, vakadzi vainge vangave vasipo nokuda kwezvikonzero zvimwe kunze kwekukuvara kana kurwara.Chimwe chetatu chevakadzi kana ichienzaniswa nechechi chikamu chimwe chete kubva pazvina zvevanhu vasipo chaiva kune zvimwe zvikonzero. "
Pfuma: US Department of Labor: Women's Absenteeism
Kufanotaura:
Nhamba yevakadzi icharamba ichingowedzera mubasa. Vakadzi vacharamba vachiita basa rekutanga panyaya dzemhuri uye dzemhuri, zvichiita kuti kushanda kwevashandi kusakanganise.
Zvinoshandiswa nevashandi:
Vashandi vachamanikidzirwa kupa mhuri-sarudzo dzekubatsira vanhu vanoshanda vanoda kushanduka kwekuchengetwa kwevana uye kuchengetwa kwevakuru. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:
- basa sharing ,
- chikamu chemaawa,
- vashandi vanoshanda kubva kumba kana telecommuting,
- kushanduka kutangira uye nguva dzenguva uye mafashoni ekutanga emabhizimisi emaawa, uye
- nguva nenguva yaibhadhara uye kusabhadharwa kwebasa kusina kubhadhara kuchengetwa kwevana uye kutarisirwa kwevakuru.
Kuenderera mberi kwezvirongwa izvo zvisingakwanisi kuita zvinotyaira vashandi vanozvipira uye vakazvipira kune vashandi vanotarisana nehutano hwemhuri nekugadzirisa nekufungisisa.
Vashandi vanoda kubhadhara zvakanyanya mitemo yeEqual Employment Opportunity.
Izvo zviripo kuti zvive nekuenzanisa uye vashandirwi vazhinji vanori kushanda ivo se nhamba yemutambo nekuda kwezvido zvekubika.
Sezvakakurudzirwa neHomes Employed Institute, ita kuti vakadzi vanyatsoziva nezvebasa rinopa mikana yepamusoro yekubhadhara. Basa rakawanda revakadzi rakabatanidzwa mumabasa e "kadzi "anowirirana zvakanaka. Kukurudzira uye kudzidzisa vakadzi nezvemikana iyi kuitira kuti vakadzi vatsvake mikana yezvidzidzo mumikana iyi yakakwirira yokubhadhara.
Chikamu, chinotarisa kufambira mberi kwevakadzi kumabasa, chakashuma kuti kubva muna 1998, chete 2.7 muzana yevakuru vakakurudzirwa zvikuru pamakambani Fortune mazana mashanu vaiva vakadzi. Vakadzi vanoramba vachidzora kubhadhara kwekubhadhara kwekumba, kubatsiriki, uye mabasa ehutungamiri.
Zvadaro, tichacherechedza kuti vakadzi vakabudirira sei muhomwe uye dzidzo uye vafunge nezvevanoshandisa mikana yekuwedzera kufambira mberi.
Kufarira Mikana Yevakadzi uye Dzidzo?
"Mikana yepamusoro yevakadzi yegore rose kusvika ku35 kusvika ku44 sezana yezana yevarume yakawedzera kubva pa 58,3 kubva ku7 kusvika ku7.0 kubva muna 1979 kusvika muna 1993, kuwedzera kwe14,7 kubva muzana.
Ikoko kwaivawo nekuwedzera kwevakadzikadzi kusvika kuhuwandu hwekuwana mari pakati pemakore makumi mashanu kusvika makumi mashanu kubva muna 1979 kusvika muna 1993. "
Mhedziso: US Department of Labor: Mikana yeZvondo
"Muna 1998, vakadzi vari mumabasa ekutarisira uye mashizha vakagamuchira zvakawanda zvevhiki kupfuura vakadzi mune mamwe mabasa.
Mhuri yavo yega yega yega yaipiwa yaiva 56 muzana yakakura kudarika yevashandi, yekutengesa, uye yehutungamiri vashandi vanotsigira, boka rakatevera-rakakwirira. "
Mhedziso: US Department of Labor: Vakadzi vari Mutungamiri, Mabasa Anyanzvi Edza Kuwedzera
"Kutarisa kwemari yavakadzi mumakore makumi maviri apfuura kunoratidza mufananidzo wakavhenganiswa wekufambira mberi. Kuwanikwa kwevakadzi kwemazana ekuderedzwa kwemari kwakawedzera zvishoma ne14 kubva muzana kubva muna 1979, nepo varume vakaramba nevanenge 7 muzana.Asi apo mitsva yevakadzi yakagadziriswa maererano nevarume, Vakadzi venguva yakazara vakashanda vakazviwana vachiita zvinenge 76 kubva muzana zvezvakawanikwa nevarume muna 1998. Mitsva yevakadzi vane chujiji yekoroji yakafuridzira inenge 22 muzana mumakore makumi maviri adarika asi, kune vakadzi vasina dzidzo yepamushure-secondary, pakanga pasina kufambira mberi . "
Mhedziso: Kuongorora Kwemwedzi Kwebasa Online , "Makomborero echikadzi," (December 1999).
"Vakadzi vakashanda nguva yakazara mumabasa ekugadzirwa kwehupfumi vakagamuchira $ 682 muna 1998, kupfuura vakadzi vakashanda mune rimwe basa guru rezvemabasa.
Muchikwata chebasa iri, vakadzi vari kushanda sechiremba, mafirosi uye magweta vane mari yepamusoro yepakati.
"Chikamu chemabasa emadzimai mumabasa akafananidzirwa nemari yakawanda yakawedzera.Kunyange muna 1998, 46.4 muzana yevashandi venguva yakazara nevashandi vemari muhutungamiri, hutungamiri, uye mabasa ekutarisira vaiva vakadzi, kubva ku 34.2 muzana muna 1983, gore rokutanga data yakafanana yakawanikwa.
Pamusoro penguva imwecheteyo, vakadzi sehuwandu hwevashandi vezvigadzirwa zvepamhizha vakabva 46,8 muzana kusvika 51.6 muzana.
"Kusiyana neizvi, pakanga pane kuchinja kuduku mune zvevakadzi zvekugara kwenguva yakazara mubhadharo uye mubhadharo muzvikamu zvakasara zvemabasa.Igore ra1983, vakadzi vakabata 77.7 muzana yemabasa ekutsigira mabasa; muna 1998, vakaramba vaine 76.3 muzana yemabasa. " Vakadzi vaimiririra 7.9 muzana yezvakarurama zvokugadzira, vashandi uye kugadzirisa vashandi, muna 1983 uye muna 1998.
Kubva: US Department of Labor: Highlights of Revenue Women's
Current:
"Pakazosvika 1998 vaipedza chikoro chesekondari, vakadzi vakawanda kupfuura varume vakanyorejijiji. Muna October, vechikadzi vechiduku 938 000 vakapedza chikoro chesekondari muna 1998 vaiva mukoroji uye varume vaduku 906 000 vakanyoresa." Izvo zvinoitika zvevakadzi vakawanda vanoenda kuchikoroji vanoenderera mberi.
Kubva: US Department of Labor: Dzidzo yevakadzi
Kufanotaura:
Kubhadhara kune vakadzi vacharamba vachichera varume vanobhadhara vanowana basa rakafanana, kunyange kana mukadzi ane dzidzo yakawanda. Chiitiko chevakadzi vakawanda vanoenda kuchireji vacharamba vachienderera mberi, kunyange ini ndichatarisa mazita avo vari kutsvaga gare gare mune izvi. Ongororo yakasarudzwa inobatsira zvose zviripo uye kubhadhara kwavanogona.
Zvinoshandiswa nevashandi:
Vashandi, kunyanya kukosha, vanoda kuzivikanwa pamusoro pemari yekubhadhara ichiripo pakati pevarume nevakadzi vachiita basa rakafanana. Vatungamiri, pamatunhu ose, avo vanotonga mibairo nemari yemari, vanoda kuzvipira kubhadhara vanhu, pasinei nehutano, huwandu hwemari yebasa rakafanana.
Vakadzi vanofanira kugara vachibatana nevanoshanda. Kana mukadzi achiziva kuti ari kuita mari shoma kupfuura murume, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvose zvinoita kunge zvakaenzana, anozvipa ivo pachavo kutora nyaya yacho kumushandi wake uye kuHuman Resources. Anokwanisa kubatsira kuti aite nzvimbo yebasa inobatsira vanhukadzi uye anokurudzira iye pachake.
Vashandi vanoda kubhadhara zvakanyanya mitemo yeEqual Employment Opportunity. Izvo zviripo kuti zvive nekuenzana uye vashandirwi vakawanda vari kushanda ivo sekuti vari nhamba yemitambo nekuda kwekutevera uye kudiwa kwekubika.
Ndinogona kufara zvikuru kuona kuzvipira kwechokwadi kubhadhara vanhu zvakaenzana kuburikidza nemupiro.
Sezvakakurudzirwa neHomes Employed Institute, ita kuti vakadzi vanyatsoziva nezvebasa rinopa mikana yepamusoro yekubhadhara. Basa rakawanda revakadzi rakabatanidzwa mumabasa e "kadzi "anowirirana zvakanaka. Kukurudzira uye kudzidzisa vakadzi nezvemikana iyi kuitira kuti vakadzi vatsvake mikana yezvidzidzo mumikana iyi yakakwirira yokubhadhara.
Chikamu, chinotarisa kufambira mberi kwevakadzi kumabasa, chakashuma kuti kubva muna 1998, chete 2.7 muzana yevakuru vakakurudzirwa zvikuru pamakambani Fortune mazana mashanu vaiva vakadzi. Vakadzi vanoramba vachidzora kubhadhara kwekubhadhara kwekumba, kubatsiriki, uye mabasa ehutungamiri.
{p} Zvadaro, ngatitarise nhamba dzemazuva ano dzevakadzi mune zvesayenzi uye teknolojia, vanofanotaurira kupa mikana mikuru mumakumi makumi emakumi anotevera. Zvadaro, tichaongorora izvo vashandi vanogona kuita kuti vakurudzire kubatanidzwa kwevakadzi mune izvi mabasa.
Kufarira Vakadzi muScience uye Technology?
"Maererano ne2001 Data Current Survey (CPS), mumwe wevaneinjini gumi vakashanda aiva mukadzi, asi vaviri vevashandi gumi vanogadzira ingano neyanyanzvi vaiva vakadzi.Pakati pezvinjini zvekugadzira, mashizha, makemikari, uye metallurgic mabasa ayo vakadzi vaive vakakurumbira zvikuru kupfuura huwandu hwezana hwevakadzikadzi vese.
Pakati pemasayendisiti emasikirwo, vakadzi vaimiririra 51.6 muzana yemasayendisiti ezvokurapa uye 44,4 muzana yezvoupenyu uye masayendisiti ehupenyu, asi vakaverenga chikamu chiduku che geologists uye geodesist (24,0 muzana), physicists uye astronomers (7.7 muzana).
"Basa revakadzi rakapinda mune zvakawanda zvekushanda kwepamusoro-soro izvo zvinoratidza chivimbiso chekuwedzera kwemazuva ano.Indaneti nevashandi vezvivako vakawana kugamuchirwa senzira yekugadzira vashandi vekombiki yepamusoro-soro kumabasa ekumunda.Imatambudziko evakadzi vanofanira kuwana dzimwe nzira dzinoenda kumabasa e-tech-tech, uye mumikana muhutsva hutsva hwepasi rose. Vanodawo kupinda mune zvepamusoro-soro mabasa akawanda. "
Nhamba inowedzera yevadzidziji iri kunyora vakadzi vakawanda kupfuura varume muzvikoro zvavo zvechiremba. "Vakadzi vaive vanopfuura 45 muzana yevadzidzi uye vadzidzi vatsva muzvikoro zvekuAmerica muUnited States muna 1999-2000. Chikamu chevakadzi vakadzi vezvokurapa vakawedzera kubva 28 kubva muzana yevagari vose muna 1989 kusvika 38 muzana muna 1999 maererano neChirungu cheAmerican Medical Colleges. Vakadzi muUnited Academic Medicine Statistics 1999-2000. "
Mhedziso: [link url = http: //www.amwa%2Ddoc.org/careers/html/then%5Fnow.html] American Medical Women's Association
Mumunda wezvokurapa kwezvokurapa, kufambira mberi kwevakadzi kunowedzera mberi. "Zvino vazhinji vevadzidzi vezvikoro zvezvokurapa ndivo vakadzi, uye muna 2005, vakadzi vachava vazhinji mubasa racho, rinodaro American Veterinary Medical Association.Zvino nhamba yevakadzi veterinarians muUnited States inopfuura kaviri kubva muna 1991, kusvika 24 356, nhamba yevarume veterinarians yakawira 15 muzana, kusvika ku33 461. "
Kunobva: New York Times: Yilu Zhao (June 9, 2002)
Kufanotaura:
Heino dambudziko. Nenzira, maitiro emabasa akazova maonero evakadzi vakave vasina kukanganisa maererano nekubhadhara, matarisiro, uye chimiro. Haisi chinangwa chechikamu chino kutsvaga nhoroondo, asi funga nezvemabasa aimbova ehurume akataridzika ayo ari kunyanya kugarwa nevakadzi: mahofisi emahofisi, mahofisi emabasa, vanamukoti, kudzidzisa, basa revanhu, uye nzvimbo dzekutengesa. Ko chirongwa chezvokurapa uye chiremba chinotevera nzira imwe chete here?
Mhinduro, nhamo, ndiyo 'hongu.' Ndinotenda apo vakadzi vanotonga musango, munda unofadza uye unofadza semabasa.
Uyezve, patinenge tichifambira mberi, senharaunda, nhamba dzandakaona dzichiratidza kuti zvikamu zvevakadzi vanoenda kune dzidzo yepamusoro-soro uye masimba ezvidzidzo zvakaoma muna 2002. (Ona nyaya yeWired News iri pasi apa, somuenzaniso.
Zvinoshandiswa nevashandi:
Iyi inzvimbo ine simba umo maita mazano kuvashandi. Zvakawanda zvezvido zveunhu zvega uye zvigadziro zvinogadzirwa pakutanga kweupenyu kuburikidza nemamiriro edzimba uye vezera uye zviitiko zvechikoro uye kubudirira. Kunyange ini ndichida kutenda kuti tiri kufambira mberi, sevanhu, vasikana nevakomana vachiri kukura, kurairwa, uye kurapwa zvakasiyana.
(Nyaya iyi, Sei Vasikana Vasinganzwisisi , kubva paWired News , inoratidza zvimwe zvezvinetso.) Pane, zvisinei, zvinoitwa nevashandi vanogona kuita.
Ipa vakadzi kurovedza uye mikana yekudzidza ichavagadzirira kuti vatsigire kune zvigadzirwa mune teknolojia uye nesayenzi.
Hirei nhamba yakaenzana yevakadzi mukudzidzira-kubatsirwe mazano uye mapurogiramu ezvidzidzo achavagadzirira kuita basa remabasa mune zvikwereti zvakakwirira, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.
Ratidza vakadzi kuvhejikiti uye shanda nemakombiyuta . Vakawanda havana kungova nemukana uye vanogona kunge vachinzwisisa zvisinganzwisisiki ruzivo uye ruzivo runodikanwa kuti rubudirire kushandisa kombiyuta.
Shandisa neunharaunda yako yepuraimari, chikoro chesekondari, chikoro chesekondari, vejijiji yekoroji, uye kojiji kuti uone kuti mapurogiramu uye mikana yezvidzidzo zviri munzvimbo inoratidzira vasikana kune teknolojia, masvomhu, nesayenzi, kunze kwekubatsira, pakutanga.
Iva nechokwadi chokuti makwikwi, masangano emasayenzi emakwikwi, uye mamwe mimwe mikana, vanoenda kune zvakaenzana nevasikana.
Munharaunda iyi yebasa, yakapiwa zvinetso nevashandirwi vanotarisana mukugadzira mamiriro ekushandura kwebasa uye kukurudzira vakadzi mumabasa ekubhadhara kwakanyanya uye yakakwirira, zvinoshamisika here kuti vakadzi vari kutangira mabhizinesi avo mumapoka?
Kufarira Vakadzi muBhizinesi?
Current:
" Bhizinesi dzine zvimadzimai dzinobata makambani edzimai mune 51% kana kuti yakawanda yekambani." US Recent Census Bureau yeSunday Survey yevakadzi Vakagadziriswa Bhizinesi (SWOBE) yakashuma kuti vakadzi vaiva nemabhizimisi eUSS asiri mapurazi 5,417 344 muna 1997. Vakadzi mabhizimusi akawanikwa akavaka 26,0 muzana yenyika yacho mamiriyoni 20.8 emabhizimusi asiri mapurazi, akashandisa 7.1 mamiriyoni ebhadharo, uye akabudisa $ 818.7 mabhiriyoni mukutengesa nemari.
"Kwemabhizimisi ane vakadzi vashomanana, vakadzi vemuAsia vanemabhizimisi 337,708, vakadzi vemahara vane makambani anokwana 312 884.Asia uye Pacific Islander vakadzi vane makambani 247 966 uye vakadzi veAmerican Indian neAlaska vane makambani 53 533. Vakachena vasina vakadzi vePaspanica vaiva nemabhizimisi mamiriyoni 4,487,589.
"Inodarika hafu (55 kubva muzana) yevakadzi vaiva nemabhizimisi vaiva mumabhizimisi ehurumende muna 1997. Muchipatimendi chebasa, vakadzi vaiwanzoshanda makambani mumabhizimisi ehurumende (makambani 769 250) uye mabasa evanhu (makambani 634.225). uye mapeji ezvikamu zviviri izvi akawana $ 78.3 mabhiriyoni.
"Mabhizimisi aive nevakadzi aiva nekutengesa zvizere nemari ye $ 818.7 mabhiriyoni muna 1997. Machina emabhizimisi akabudisa iyo yakawanda mari yakawanda yemabhizimisi edzimai muna 1997 aiva nekutengeserana kwemahombekiti, mabasa, kutengeserana kwekutengeserana nekugadzira. bhizimusi - yakagadzikana uye isiri-dura zvinhu - zvakanyorwa maresi e $ 188.5 mabhiriyoni.
"Vaya vanoshanda mumasangano - somuenzaniso, mahotera nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekugara; mabasa evanhu, mabasa ebhizimisi, kugadzirisa motokari, mabasa, nekupaka; maitirwo-aiva nekutengesa $ 186.2 mabhiriyoni.
Makambani ane vakadzi mune zvekutengeserana aitengesa madhora 152.0 mabhiriyoni uye avo vari mukutengesa vaitengesa madhora 113.7 mabhiriyoni.
"Zvikamu zvinenge zvitatu nechina (72 kubva muzana) zvevakadzi vashoma vane makambani ane vakadzi vakashanda mumasangano (makambani 531,532) uye mabhizimisi ekutengeserana (makambani 133,924) makambani. Makambani aiva nevakadzi vashomanana akanyora kutengesa zvizere uye mahedheni e $ 84.7 mabhiriyoni muna 1997. Avo vane nevakadzi veAsia nePacific Island, vakadzi vakagamuchira $ 38.1 mabhiriyoni, vakadzikadzi veSpanishi, $ 27.3 mabhiriyoni, vakadzi vemadiki, $ 13.6 mabhiriyoni, uye vakadzi veAmerican Indian uye Alaska vakadzi vemadhora, $ 6.8 mabhiriyoni. "
Mhedziso: US Department of Labor: VaMabhizimisi VeMabhizimisi
Kufanotaura:
Vashandi havachakwanisi kusangana nekugadzirisa zvinodiwa zvevakadzi vakawanda. Vakadzi vane mabhizimisi vachava basa rekusarudza kune vakadzi vazhinji. Vakadzi vaiva neyemabhizimisi makambani vakakura ne37 muzana kubva muna 1997 kusvika muna 2002, kanhi kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwevose vashandisi vashandi.
Nepo huwandu hwemabhizimisi hwakatanga nevakadzi kubva muna 1997 huri muhurumende yebasa, kune huwandu huri kuwedzera hwevakadzi vanotanga makambani mune zvisiri zvemabhizimisi zvakadai sekuvaka nemari. Inzvimbo yeBhizimisi reBhizimisi reBhizimisi inopa nheyo yakabva kune dhiyabhorosi yedhipatimendi yezvinyorwa uye mamwe mabhuku ekutsvakurudza okutanga kuti ataure izvi.
Zvinoshandiswa nevashandi:
Vashandi vanogona kutevera mazano anowanikwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvekutanga zvechikamu chino kuti aite kuti vakadzi vane ruzivo vatange matanho avo. Asi, mhepo yemhepo yakatanga uye ichaoma kumira. Vakadzi vari kuramba vachitaurirana nehuwandu hwekushandura, kuwedzerwa simba, uye kupokana nehupenyu hwekuita uye kushanda bhizinesi duku, bhizimusi guru, kana kunyange bhizinesi-bhizimisi kana yekutengeserana chete. Kuwedzerwa, vashandi vachakwikwidzana nechisarudzo ichi kune vashandi vane ruzivo rwevakadzi.
Zvidzidzo zvevakadzi Kufunga Kutanga Bhizimisi:
The Center for Women's Business Research
Sangano reNational Association of Women Women Business
Kufarira Bhizimusi Vakadzi muBasa Rokuziva?