Chokwadi kubva kuMutungamiri Johnson's Commission pamusoro peKutevedzera kweMutemo
Muna 1965, United States yakatarisana nezvakazoonekwa sekushamisika kwekusaruramisira kwehurumende yehurumende, hurumende-dzisina kugadziriswa uye dzisina kujekeswa mapurisa ezvo uye kuwedzera kwehutachiona hwehutachiona. Mukupindura, Mutungamiri Lyndon Johnson vakaunganidza Komiti inokosha yeKutevedza kweMutemo uye neHurumende yeHurumende musi waJuly 23, 1965.
Komisheni iyi yaive nevarume nevakadzi 19 vakasarudzwa neMutungamiri, 63 vashandi venguva yakazara, nevaridzi 175.
Kwemakore maviri akatevera, komisheni yakatanga basa rakakwirira uye rinokudzwa rokuongorora zvikamu zvose zveAmerican criminal justice system uye, muna 1967, yakabudisa mushumo wayo wokupedzisira. Mushumo wekuzvikudza, The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society , yakabudisa zvinangwa zvinomwe uye zvinopfuura 200 zvakananga mazano.
Makumi emakore gare gare, zvavakawana zvichiri kushanda. Saka chii chavaifanira kutaura? Ngatitarisei zvinangwa zvavakaona semugwagwa wekutarisana nemhosva uye kuchengetedza rusununguko.
Chokutanga Chinangwa: Kudzivirira Utsotsi
Vatungamiri vakaita kuti zvive pachena kuti chokutanga chokutanga kugadzirisa kuparwa kwemhosva ndechekushanda kuti udzivirire pakutanga. Vakaramba pfungwa yokuti utsotsi hwakanga huri dambudziko remapurisa nematare edzimhosva uye rakasimudzira pane basa rinokosha revanhu semitambo yose mukusununguka kwemhosva.
Vakasimbisa kukosha kwemhuri, hurongwa hwechikoro, uye kusikwa kwemabasa nekupa mazano mukukudziridza zvakagadziriswa uye zvinobudirira nhengo dzevanhu.
Vakanyatsozivawo kuti chinhu chakakosha pakudzivirira kuparwa kwemhosva chaive chivimbo chekubatwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pane imwe nguva inofunga kuti vaifanira kubatwa, zvishoma kuti vaifanira kuita mhosva. Kuti vaite izvi, vakurudzira kushandiswa kwemirayiridzo yakabatsirwa nemakombiyuta uye maitiro ekudzivirira uye maitiro ekufananidzira emapurisa kuti zviri nani kupa vanhu simba.
Chinangwa cheChipiri: Nzira Itsva dzekubata nevatadzi
Mukucherechedza zvinogona kukuvadza zvinouya kumunhu kubva mutirongo, vatungamiriri vakurudzira kuti vaongorore nzira itsva dzekutarisana nemamwe mhombwe.
Vakakurudzira kuumbwa kwezvirongwa zvekururamisira kwevana uye mahofisi , madare evana vaduku, uye mapurogiramu ekurapa aisanganisira kushandiswa kwehutungamiri hwezvematongerwo enyika uye vezvepfungwa dzepfungwa . Chinangwa: kukurudzira kugadziriswa uye kuderedza kuderedzwa.
Chinangwa Chechitatu: Kurega kusarurama
VaKomisheni vakaona kusaruramisira kwemazuva ekugadzirisa kwekutonga pakati pehurumende, izvo zvakashatisa kuvimba kwevanhu veAmerica mumapurisa nehutongi hwehurumende. Vakaita mazano ekufambisa zviitiko, kuderedza dambudziko, uye kuwana dzimwe nzira dzebhaari dzenzira dzinotambudza varombo.
Vakabvumawo hukama hwakaoma pakati pemapurisa nemagariro avo aunoshumira , zvikurukuru munharaunda uye munharaunda dzevarombo. Kuti vaderedze izvi, vakakurudzira zvirongwa zvehukama hwemagariro kuvaka hukama, kuvandudza hutano uye kuwedzera kuvimba.
Chinangwa Chechina: Kuvandudza Vashandi
Vatungamiri vakaziva kudikanwa kwevashandi vakangwara, vakadzidza kwazvo munharaunda yekutonga kwemhosva yezvemhosva.
Vakakurudzira mapurogiramu ekukurudzira kupinza uye kukudziridza mapurisa akadzidziswa zviri nani nekufuratira kubva purogiramu imwe chete yekupinda iyo munhu wese anosangana nevanosvitsa zvidzidzo zvishoma kuti ave mupurisa anoshandira pamwe chete.
Panzvimbo pezvo, vakurudzira kubhadhara mari zvichienderana nevanoshandisa mahofisi ekubhadharwa uye mibairo yakaenzana nekuziva uye dzidzo. Vakakurudzirawo kuti nyika inogadza mapurisa nemitemo kuti vatarisire uye kuisa maitiro ehutano uye kudzidziswa.
Chinangwa Chechipiri: Ongororo
Mukucherechedza kukosha kwemaitiro matsva uye matsva ekupindura kuparwa kwemhosva, vatungamiri vakaronga kupa mari yakawanda yemari yekutsvakurudza. Kunyanya, vakakurudzira masangano ekururamisira ehurumende kuti vataridzire kuongorora zvinokonzerwa nekupara kwemhosva , migumisiro yezvirango zvakasiyana-siyana zvemhosva uye nzira dzekuvandudza matanho mukati memapurisa, matare uye kururamisa.
Chinangwa chechitanhatu: Mari
Kudzora utsotsi ndiko mutoro wevanhu vemunharaunda uye hurumende, asi hazvina kutodzisa. VaKomisheni vakafunga kuti hurumende dzinofanira kupa mari yakawanda pakuvandudza zvirongwa uye kuwedzera misha yemapurisa nevamwe vadzidzisi vezvematongerwe enyika.
Chinangwa chechinomwe: Basa rekuchinja
Pakupedzisira, komisheni yakasimbisa kuti mutoro wekuita shanduko muhurumende yekutonga mhosva ndeyevose. Vagari venyika, makambani, masayunivhesiti, masangano ezvitendero nehurumende pamwe chete vanoita basa mukudzivirira nekugadzirisa kuparwa kwemhosva munharaunda.