Mumazuva ekutanga, yakanga iri tsika yechikepe ichipinda muchiteshi chaive neshamwari kuti ibudise ganisi rayo kuratidza kuti dzakasunungurwa.
Chimiro Chine Nguva refu
Nzira yekupa saroni nekanoni yakatanga muzana remakore rechi14 sezvo zvombo zvehondo uye zvigunwe zvakashandiswa. Sezvo izvi zvigadzirwa zvepakutanga zvaive neprojekti imwe chete, kuitora kamwe kamwe kwakashandura pasina. Pakutanga zvikepe zvehondo zvakadzingwa zvinomwe zvinoputika-pfuti - nhamba sechinomwe yakasarudzwa nekuda kwekukosha kwezvinyorwa uye zveBhaibheri. Mapuraneti manomwe akanga aonekwa uye zvikamu zvemwedzi zvakachinja mazuva manomwe oga oga. Bhaibheri rinotaura kuti Mwari akazorora nezuva rechinomwe mushure mekusikwa, kuti gore rechinomwe rega rega raive sabata uye kuti kanomwe gore rechinomwe rakagadzwa mugore reJubheri.
Nyika mabhatiri, ane huwandu hwakawanda hwepfuti, akakwanisa kupisa zvitundu zvitatu zvepfuti rose rakadzingwa, naizvozvo kukwazisa pamhenderekedzo yebhetri kwakanga kune mabhuti 21.
Iyo yakawanda yevatatu yakangodaro yakasarudzwa nekuda kwechirevo chekufungidzira kwechiverengero chetatu mune zvakawanda zvekare kare. Kutanga kwepfuti, yakanyanya kunyanya yeitrodium nitrate, yakaparadzwa nyore nyore pagungwa asi inogona kuchengetwa yakadzika uye yakaoma magazini inland. Apo potassium nitrate yakavandudza kunaka kwepfuti, zvikepe zvegungwa zvakagamuchira salute yemadhishi 21.
Kwemakore akawanda, nhamba yepfuti inodzingwa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana yakasiyana nenyika nenyika. Pakazosvika 1730, Royal Navy yakanga ichitsanangura mabhuni makumi maviri nemakumi maviri emamwe emangwanani, kunyange zvazvo iyi yakanga isingabvumirwi sa salute kumhuri yeRoyal kusvikira mushure mezana remakore gumi nemasere.
Zviitiko zvinoverengeka zvakakurumbira zvinosanganisira kukwazisa kwepfuti zvakaitika panguva yeAmerican Revolution. Musi wa16 Ndira 1776, nyika ye Continental Navy Brigantine Andrew Doria, Captain Isaiah Robinson, yakabudisa salute yepfuti 13 pakupinda muchiteshi cheSt. Eustatius muWest Indies (dzimwe nhoroondo dzinopa 11 se nhamba). Maminitsi mashomanana gare gare, sariti yakadzorerwa ne 9 (kana 11) zvombo zvigadzirwa nehurumende yeDutch yechitsuwa chacho. Panguva iyoyo, kukwazisa kwepfuti 13 kwaizove kwakamirira United States yakatanga kuumbwa; tsika yechihedheni yakashandurwa kune republic panguva iyoyo yaiva nepfuti. Izvi zvakanzi " kukwazisa kwokutanga " kune mureza weAmerica. Anenge vhiki nhatu zvisati zvaitika, zvakadaro, imwe nyanzvi yekuAmerica yakanga yakaita kuti mavara ake akakwazisike kuChinese chitsuwa cheStro Croix. Mureza wakayerera naAndire Andrew Doria uye nyanzvi dzisina kudzidza zita reAmerica muna 1776 dzakanga dzisati dziri Nyeredzi neStripes, izvo zvange zvisati zvatemwa. Pane kudaro, iyo yaiva mureza weGrancis, inosanganisira gumi nemitatu yakatsvaira mutsvuku uye machena machena neBritain Jack mubatanidzwa.
Mutungamiri wekutanga wehurumende nevekune dzimwe nyika kuNyeredzi uye Stripes zvakaitwa musi waFebruary 14, 1778, apo Shanduro yeE Continental Navy Ranger, Captain John Paul Jones, yakabudisa zvigaro makumi matatu nematanhatu uye yakagamuchira 9 kubva kumakungwa eFrance akatsigira kuQuiberon Bay, France .
Nyeredzi ye-21-gun yakazova kukudzwa kukuru kune nyika yakaitwa. Kutsausa tsika pakati pemasimba emvura kwakakonzera kuvhiringidzwa mukukwazisa nekudzoka kwemasariti. Great Britain, iyo nyika yakasimba yegungwa simba mumazana emakore ekuma18 ne19, yakamanikidza nyika dzisina simba kuti dzikwanise kukwazisa, uye kwechimwe nguva ma monarchies akagamuchira zvigadziri kupfuura zvinyorwa. Pakupedzisira, kuburikidza, kubvumirana kwenyika yose kwakasimbiswa pamabhero makumi maviri nemashanu, kunyange zvazvo United States isina kubvumirana pamusoro penyaya iyi kusvika muna August 1875.
Gun Salute System Inoshanduka
Nzira yehutu yehuti yeUnited States yakashanduka zvikuru pamakore.
Muna 1810, "sarudzo yenyika" yakatsanangurwa neDhipatimendi reHondo seyakaenzana nenhamba yehurumende muUnited - panguva iyoyo 17. Iyi salute yakadzingwa nemauto ose eUnited States muna 1: 00 masikati (gare gare masikati) musi wekuzvimirira. Mutungamiri zvakare akagamuchira salute yakaenzana nenhamba yehurumende pose paakashanyira kuiswa kwechiuto.
Mitemo yeAmerican Navy ye1818 ndiyo yekutanga yekupa nzira chaiyo yekupa mishonga yepfuti (kunyange zvazvo kukwazisa kwepfuti kwaive kushandiswa zvisati zvanyorwa pasi). Mitemo iyoyo yaida kuti "Mutungamiri paanoshanyira ngarava yeUnited States 'Navy, iye anofanira kukwaziswa nemabhuni 21." Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti 21 yaiva nhamba yehurumende muUnited States panguva iyoyo. Kwenguva pashure pacho, yakava tsika yekupa salute yepfuti rimwe kune imwe nyika muUnited Union, kunyange zvazvo pakuita kwaive nekusiyana kukuru kwehuwandu hwepfuti inoshandiswa mukukwazisa. '
Apo Gun Salutes inonzi Traditionally Used
Kuwedzera kune kukwazisa kwakapiwa kuMutungamiri nemakurukota ehurumende, yakanga iriwo tsika muSouth Navy kuti ipe "sarudzo yenyika" musi waFebruary 22nd (Washington's Birthday) uye July 4th (yekuyeuka kweDeclaration of Independence).
Mutevedzeri wemakumi maviri nemumwe wepfuti weMutungamiri nevakuru vehurumende, Washington's Birthday, uye yechina yeChishanu yakave yakasarudzwa muUnited States Navy nekubudiswa kwemitemo mitsva musi wa24 Mbudzi 1842. Mitemo iyi yakataura zvakananga:
- "Kana Mutungamiri weUnited States achishanyira mudziyo wevasviki, achabvumidzwa nekukudzwa kunotevera: Madivha achagadzirwa, vatariri vose vachave pamagwatidziro akazara mujasi, varindi vese vacharamba varipo uye varipo maoko, mimhanzi ichafamba, uye kukwazisa kwepfuti makumi maviri nemumwe kuchabviswa.Achatambira kukudzwa kumwechete paanosiya chikepe. "
"Pamusoro pekuyeuka kweChishopu cheUkudzivirira kweUnited States, mavara acho achasimudzwa pakubuda kwezuva, uye midziyo yese yevashandi vehondo iyo, kana iri muchiteshi, ichapfekedzwa, uye saka rambai kusvikira mavara akaiswa pasi zuva ranyura, kana mamiriro ekunze nemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu achabvumira.Zuva robuda, pamerieri, uye pakuvira kwezuva, kukwazisa kwepfuti makumi maviri nerimwe kunofanira kubviswa kubva mumudziyo wose mukutakura kuisa zvigetsi zvitanhatu uye zvichikwira. "
"Pazuva remakumi maviri nemaviri raFebruary, chiitiko chekuzvarwa kweWashington, kukwazisa kwepfuti makumi maviri nemumwe kuchadzingwa meridian kubva mumidziyo yese yevasyt in commission inotakura zvombo zvitanhatu uye zvichikwira."
Nhasi, sarudzo yenyika yepfuti 21 inodzingwa mukuremekedzwa mureza wehurumende, mutongi kana mukuru wehurumende yenyika yekunze, nhengo yekutonga mhuri yeumambo, uye Mutungamiri, mutungamiri wenyika, uye Mutungamiri-vakasarudzwa ve Nyika dzakabatana. Inodzingwawo masikati ezuva rekuvigwa kweMutungamiri, aimbova Mutungamiri, kana Mutungamiri-akasarudzwa, paWashington's Birthday, Zuva reMapureziduru, uye neChina chaJuly. PaZuva reChirangaridzo, kukwazisa kwemaminetsi makumi maviri nemaviri kunodzingwa masikati apo mureza unotenderera kune hafu . Mabhoti makumi mashanu anodzingwawo muzvivako zvehondo zvose zvakagadzirirwa kuzviita pakuvhara kwezuva rekuvigwa kweMutungamiri, aimbova Mutungamiriri, kana Mutungamiri-akasarudzwa.
Gun salutes inoshandiswawo kune mamwe mauto ehurumende uye ehurumende yeiyi nemamwe marudzi. Nhamba yepfuti inobva pachigaro cheprotocol. Aya maziso anogara ari nhamba dzisinganzwisisiki. Somuenzaniso, Vachigaro weMutungamiri weUnited States, Munyori Mukuru, uye Vanyori veMasoja , Air Force , uye Navy vose vanosvika mabhuni 19. Vatungamiri ve-Marine Corps, Chief of Naval Operations, uye Army uye Air Force Chief of Staffs) vose vanosvika mabhuni 17. Zvimwe zvinyorwa 4-nyeredzi uye vanoyemura vanofungidzira zvipfuti 17. Nyeredzi nhatu dzinoyera gumi nemashanu, nyeredzi mbiri dzinoita 13, uye imwe nyeredzi inoyera 11.
Gun Gumisiro paMariro yeMasoja
Pamariro omusungwa, mumwe kazhinji anoona mavhiri matatu emapurisa akadzingwa mukuremekedza mhondi yemufi. Izvi zvinowanzosvibiswa nevatambi seve 21-gun greeting, kunyange zvazvo yakasiyana zvachose (muuto rehondo, "pfuti" inhumbi huru-yehondo.) Mavhiri matatu anodzingwa kubva "pfuti," kwete "pfuti." Nokudaro, mavhiri matatu haasi chero "sariti", zvachose).
Chero ani zvake ane kodzero yekuita mariro ehondo (kazhinji munhu wese anofa pabasa rake , anoremekedzwa veterans, uye vashandi vezvemasoja) ari kumapuranga matatu matatu, zvichienderana nekuwanikwa kwemauto ekuchengetedza. Sezvandakataura, iyi haisi mumiriri wemiti 21, kana chero imwe mhando ye "salute gun." Izvo zvinongova zvitatu zvepfuti zvinoputirwa. Dare rekufambisa rinogona kuva nenhamba chero ipi zvayo, asi imwe kazhinji inowanzoona boka rechisere, nemunhu asina kukwanisa kubhadhara mashoko ekupfura. Pasinei nekuti boka racho rine zvitatu kana masere, kana gumi, nhengo imwe neimwe inopisa katatu (mavhiri matatu).
Idzo mapapiro matatu anouya kubva munhandare yekare yehondo. Nhengo mbiri idzi dzinopesana dzichagumisa hondo kuti dzibvise vakafa vavo kubva munhandare yehondo, uye kuputika kwezvikwata zvitatu zvaireva kuti vakafa vakanga vakachengetwa zvakanaka uye rutivi rwakanga rwagadzirira kutanga hondo.
Mutsara wemashoko zvinowanzosvitsa matatu shell casings muvhara rakapetwa vasati vaudza mureza kumhuri. Chengetari imwe neimwe inomirira rimwe volley.
Zvimwe Pamitambo yeMaso uye Nhoroondo
- Marine Corps Customs uye Tsika
- Chii Chinonzi Masoja Matambudziko Emari?
- Nhoroondo yeTops muMasoja
- US Mauto Anoita Nhoroondo Yenyaya
- Chiuto Chehondo uye Chati Insignia
- Mhemberero dze "Hooah"
Zvakawanda zvemashoko akataurwa pamusoro apa akanyorwa kubva kuNaval Historical Society uye neArmed Center yeMasitori Evanhu.