Vanhu Vanoita Kuti Zviri Nani Vakasungwa Kupfuura Vakadzi (Hungu, uye Heino Chikonzero.)

Gender Stereotype Ideology Yakabviswa naGallup uye Harvard Business Review

Maererano naGallup, kambani yekuAmerica yakatsvakurudza, imwe yevashandi vatatu muUnited States vane bhozimisikadzi uye vashandi avo iye zvino vane amaikadzi vehurumende kuti vangada kushandira mumwe mukadzi mune ramangwana. Zvisinei, ruzhinji rwevashandi, rakataridzwa naGallup kubva muna 1953, vakagara vachitaura kuti vangada kushandira murume kupfuura mukadzi. ⁽¹⁾

"Sei" mubvunzo unofanirwa kuongororwa, asi nepfungwa dzakasununguka.

Vanhu Vanoita Kuti Zviri Nani Zviri Bhosi Kupfuura Vakadzi Here?

Icho zvose mibvunzo yakatakurwa uye imwe ichava nemhinduro yakasiyana kune munhu wese wamunokumbira. Saka ngatitarisei mamwe maverengera kuti apindure mubvunzo wakasiyana-siyana uri nyore nyore kupindura: ivo vakadzi vanobudirira mukugadzirisa here? (Mhinduro mishoma: hongu.)

Mukatikati peGallup Poll yepamusoro vatevedzeri vevakadzi vakadzikadza vatungamiri vevarume apo hutano ndiyo chete inoshandiswa kuenzanisa pakuenzanisa kwavakaita nevashandi vavo (kureva, makore, makore ekuziva, mashizha, marudzi, nezvimwewo, hazvina kuiswa mukati). Zviratidzo gumi nembiri zvekutengesa zvakashandiswa uye vakadzi vakabuda kunze kwevarume vane gumi nerimwe.

Maererano nevanyori Kimberly Fitch uye Sangeeta Agrawal avo vakapfupikisa tsvakurudzo yacho pane http://www.gallup.com:

"Vatungamiri vanofanirawo kuziva kuti mameneja emadzimai ivo pachavo vanowanzobatanidzwa zvikuru kupfuura vatungamiri vevarume. Gallup inowana kuti 41% yevakadzikadzi mameneja vanobvumirwa kushanda, vachienzanisa ne35% yevarume vatungamiriri. Kutaura zvazviri, vatungamiri vevakadzi vezera rose rekushanda vanobatanidzwa zvakanyanya kupfuura varume vavo, pasinei nokuti vane vana mumhuri yavo. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvine zvakakosha kumabasa. Kana vatevedzeri vevakadzi, paavhareji, vanobatanidzwa zvikuru kupfuura vatungamiri vevarume, zvinonzwisisika kuti vanogona kupa zvakawanda kune zvavanenge vachiita iye zvino uye mune ramangwana kubudirira. " ⁽²⁾

Nyaya yeForbes (April 16, 2015) inotsanangura dhevhizheni yakafanana neyomukadzi-maneja nzira:

"Maererano neDallup's data, 41% yevakadzikadzi mameneja vanobvumirwa kushanda, vachienzaniswa ne35% yevarume vatungamiriri. Kunyange zvazvo ndichiziva kuti pane kusava nechokwadi mubasa rekutarisana pamusoro pezvinoreva uye kukosha kwe "mushandi wekushanda," ndinofunga kuti yakanaka seyese yekuzvipira kune imwe sangano, uye nzira inonzwisisika yekuongorora zvinokurudzira uye pakupedzisira kubudirira. Chiyero chakanaka? Aiwa. Asi unonzwisisa? Hongu. " ⁽³⁾

Chii Chibvumirano?

Izvo zvikwata zvinoshandisa vashandirwi vangave zvakasiyana-siyana, zvisinei, kubatanidzwa kunowanzoreva kunonyatsoita maneja:

• Anoziva uye anopa mubairo vashandi pamabasa avo nekuedza;
• Inobvumira vashandi kuwana mikana yekudzidza unyanzvi hutsva nekufambira mberi;
• Kubudirira kwekukurukurirana pakati pevatungamiri, vashandi, uye zvinangwa zvesangano;
• Hunhu hwekuremekedza vashandi vane benzi wavo uye chirongwa chekuremekedza bhishopi kune avo vashandi vavo;
• Inoita mamiriro ekukurukurirana - mutungamiri akanaka anobvunza uye anofunga mhinduro uye mazano kubva kuvashandi.

Ko Gender Inotamba Basa Mukumanikidzi-Mushandi Wekushandira?

Kunyange zvazvo nhoroondo yeGallup inoreva zvakajeka kuti vakadzi vanoita vatungamiri vakuru (kunyanya maererano nekutaurirana) pane zvimwe zvishoma zvinonakidza zvingaratidza zvinoratidza kuti hutano hunogona kuita sei kune uyo ari kubatanidzwa zvakadai sokuti ndiani ari kuita:

• 35% kubatanidzwa apo vatungamiri nevashandi vose vari vaviri;
• 31% kushingaira apo vatungamiri vari varume uye vashandi vakadzi;
• 29% kubatanidzwa kana mameneja ari vakadzi uye vashandi varume;
• 25% kubatanidzwa kana vatungamiri nevashandi vari varume.

Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti yepamusoro-soro yekubatanidzwa yakabatanidzwa nekuva mukadzi wevashandi uye vashandi uye yepamusoro-soro yekutaura kwaive apo apo vaviri vatariri nevatungamiri vose vaiva varume.

Zvisinei, sezvakaitika kune zvese zvidzidzo, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuwirirana hakusi chinhu chimwe chete sechikonzero. Mukuda kwemashoko, vakadzi vangangodaro vave vakanyatsoratidzirwa kupfuura vakomana vavo vezera, asi ndeyekuti ndivo vakadzi chete?

Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu, nyaya inowanikwa muHarvard Business Review (HBR) inopfupikisa simba revakadzi kunze kweGallup inopa mamwe mazano makuru. HBR yakabvunzurudza vatungamiri 7,280 emamwe masangano akabudirira kwazvo munyika kubva kumagadziro ega uye ehurumende pamwe nehurumende, zvekutengeserana, uye ose emasangano nemamwe marudzi.

Kuongororwa kwakagumisa kuti maitiro akasiyana-siyana akapiwa kurudzi rwevakadzi (sekuwedzera kukura nekuvandudza hukama hwehukama) aine zvimwe zvakakosha maererano nevakadzi vachive vakakwirira sepamusoro kupfuura varume, asi zvigumisiro hazvina kumanikidzirwa kuti vaonekwe:

... "zvakakosha zvevakadzi hazvisi zvachose zvakasungwa nemaitiro emasimba evakadzi. Ichokwadi pamatunhu ose, vakadzi vazhinji vakaverengwa nevezera ravo, avo vatenzi vavo, mharidzo yavo yakananga, nevamwe vavo vanobatana sevatungamiri vese vari nani pane avo vanhurume vavo - uye yakakwirira iyo, iyo yakawanda yakawanda inokura ... " ⁽⁴⁾

Pose pane maitiro ekutarisira vakadzi vakadzidza varume muhutungamiriri hwehutungamiri uye hunobudirira - kunyange kusabvumirana nedzimwe pfungwa dzisina kufanirwa pamusoro pezvakagadziriswa zvinoratidza kuti varume vanopfuura vakadzi mune bhizinesi:

"Miviri miitiro iyo vakadzi vakabudisa varume nepamusoro-soro - kutora matanho uye kutyaira mitsva - vave vachifungidzirwa sevanonyanya kusimba varume. Sezvazvakaitika, varume vakakurudzira vakadzi zvakanyanya pahutano humwe hutano hwehutungamiri mukutsvakurudza uku - kukwanisa kukudziridza maonero ekugadzirisa ... " ⁽⁴⁾

Vanyori vaiva nemafungiro ekuti nei vakadzi vakarongeka zvakanyanya kupfuura varume asi vachiramba vasina hutachiwana huripo pakati pemakambani - kunyanya munzvimbo dzakakwirira, nzvimbo dzepamusoro: kusarura kusarura.

Zvichida nzira yakanakisisa yaunofanira kutora pakusimudzira mukati ndeyokungorega kusaremekedza zvepabonde zvachose. Varume nevakadzi vose vanogona kuva vatungamiriri vakuru - kana vanogona kunge vari vatungamiri vane lousy. Iko mafungiro edu pamusoro pevarume vanoita kuti isu tisava nechepamusoro, uye kwete hutano hwedu pachako.

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Sources :

1. Chikonzero nei vakadzi vari vatungamiri vakanakisisa kupfuura vanhu (nei vakadzi vari vatariri vakanakisisa kupfuura vanhu) na: Fitch, Kimblery naAgrawal, Sangeeta. http://news.gallup.com/businessjournal/178541/why-women-better-managers-men.aspx
2. Vanhu Vakawanda Hurumende Inofanirwa neMurume Boss. Ndi: Wolfe, Lahle. http://womeninbusiness.about.com/od/womeninbusinessnew1/fl/More-People-State-They-Would-Prefer-Working-for-a-Male-Boss.htm
3. Ndivo Vakadzi Chaizvoizvo, Sezvo Ichi Chikuru Mutsvakurudzo Inoti, Vakuru Vakanaka Kupfuura Varume? (Forbes) Na: Lipmna, Victor. http://www.forbes.com/sites/victorlipman/2015/04/16/are-women-really-as-this-major-research-says-better-managers-than-men/
4. Vakadzi Vakanaka Vatungamiri Kupfuura Varume Here? (Harvard Business Review) Ne: Zenger, Jack uye Folkman, Joseph. https://hbr.org/2012/03/a-study-in-leadership-women-do